2014 Cilt 8 Sayı 23

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Browsing 2014 Cilt 8 Sayı 23 by Title

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    Assessment of aqua crop model in the simulation of potato yield and water use efficiency under different water regimes
    (Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2014-07-07) Afshar, Atefeh; Afsharmanesh, Gholam Reza; Adeli, Mohsen; Malekian, Ashraf
    Conducting field experiments to determine the optimum amount of consumption water and achieve the optimal yield of plants is costly and time-consuming. Therefore, the aquacrop computer model was used to determine crops yield. The present study evaluates the performance of AquaCrop, a crop simulation model developed by FAO, in simulating potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield and water use efficiency under different water regimes in Jiroft region, Iran. Three irrigation levels, 100%, 75% and 50 % of water requirement, were arranged as a stripe-plot arrangement based on randomized block. The AquaCrop model revealed that potato yield was increased with increasing water consumption. The simulated potato yield was lower than measured potato yield in 100% and 70% of potato requirement scenarios but not in 50% conditions. The highest water use efficiency in the field conditions occurred under 75% of water requirement but the highest water use efficiency predicted by AquaCrop was found to be under 100% water requirement. Overall, results showed that the AquaCrop model could predict relatively good tuber yield, water use efficiency and water requirement values of potato under Jiroft conditions
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    Biochemical changes and SDS-PAGE analyses of chickpea (cicer arietinum L.) genotypes in response to salinity during the early stages of seedling growth
    (Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2014-07-04) Arefian, Mohammad; Vessal, Saeedreza; Bagheri, Abdolreza
    Salinity is one of the most serious abiotic stresses for plants, causing other subsequent consequences such as oxidative stress, which eventually leads to cell death. Measured various biochemical parameters in chickpea genotypes were performed under various NaCl concentrations (0, 8 and 12 dS.m-1 ( in controlled condition at 21 and 28-day after sowing (DAS). After determination of tolerant (MCC544) and susceptible (MCC806) genotypes and also the best differential salt concentration, SDS-PAGE was used to compare protein profiling in these two genotypes in 3 time points with four replicates. Proline and protein contents were significantly higher in MCC544 as much as 27 fold (for proline) and 30% (for protein) increase over control in 28 DAS at 12 dS.m-1 of salt. The leaf soluble carbohydrates increased significantly in MCC544 and MCC760, compared with others. The minimum decline of electrolyte leakages (6%) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was belonged to MCC760 while MCC806 genotype showed the highest decrease rate (more than 20%). Total leaf chlorophyll content decreased in all genotypes. More strong and positive correlations between parameters was recorded in tolerant genotypes which resulted in membrane and osmotic balance. Analyses of SDS-PAGE revealed that more rapid accumulation and/or less degradation of proteins occurred in higher molecular weight proteins. Moreover, the response of genotypes through protein changes before 96 h stress might be a possible reason for salinity tolerance in this condition.
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    Biosorption of Ni (II) by bacillus sp. isolated from desert-maranjab soil
    (Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2014-10-26) Salman, Ahmady-Asbchin
    The objective of this research was to isolate microorganisms which produce uptake of nickel ions, from soils in Desert-Maranjab. In this study various soil samples were collected in Desert Maranjab and were cultured on nutrient agar and saboroud dextrose agar and the patent isolates were purified. Twenty soil samples were collected from various areas of Desert Maranjab, Iran .Initial screening of a total of 40 bacterial isolates at pH 5, resulted in the selection of one isolate with maximum uptake capacity of nickel ions 0.71 mmol.g-1 dry weights. A contact time of 10 min was sufficient to reach equilibrium. It was tentatively identified as Bacillus sp according to morphological and biochemical properties and named strain AEJ-89.This Bacillus sp gram positive bacteria were used to investigate the biosorption of Ni ions. In the next step the effects of some ecological parameters (temperature, pH, kinetics and isotherm were studied on the biosorption. The results obtained showed that the optimized conditions for the uptake nickel ions were as follow: Temperature 25ºC, pH= 7.8 - 7.2, and carbon sources (glucose and lactose 10 g / l). The equilibrium time was about 5 min and the adsorption equilibrium data were well described by the Langmuir`s equation.
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    Composition of essential oil of artemisia indica
    (Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2014-07-04) Kazemi, Mohsen
    The hydrodistillation essential oil from Artemisia indica growing in Iran was analyzed by GC/MS. In all 20 compounds were identified; a-pinene (3%), camphene (2.12%), b-pinene (2.01%), a-phellandrene(1.05%), p-cymene (1.15%), limonene (0.5%), 1,8- cineole (0.65%), artemisia ketone (21.34%), a-thujone (0.7%), a-thujone (1%), myrtenol (%0.56), camphor (6.54%), borneol (8.07%), terpinen-4-ol (2.76%), nerol (1.45%), carvone (0.67%), chrysanthenyl acetate (10.6%), (e)-caryophyllene (1.45%), bhimachalene (1%) and germacrene-B (10%) were the main components of the oil.
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    Effects of essential oils to control rhizopus stolonifer in vitro and in vivo on strawberry
    (Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2014-07-05) Mohammadi, Samane; Aroiee, Hossein; Aminifard, Mohammad Hossein; Tehranifar, Ali; Jahanbakhsh, Vahid
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal effects of essential oils (fennel, black caraway and anis) at different concentrations against the fungal pathogen, Rhizopus stolonifer, the causal agent of smooth rot disease of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) under in vitro and in vivo conditions.The results of in vitro showed the growth of R. stolonifer was completely inhibited by the application of fennel, anis and black caraway oils at concentrations 600 and 800 ΜL.L -1 , respectively. The results of in vivo indicated that fennel, anis and black caraway oils at all applied concentrations inhibited R. stolonifer growth on strawberry fruits compared with control. Also the mentioned oils at upper concentrations showed positive effects on fruit quality characteristics like titrable acidity, total soluble solids, anthocianin content, ascorbic acid and weight loss percentage. These essential oils inhibited to infection fruits by R. stolonifer and increased life storage fruits. The present research confirms antifungal effects of these essential oils of both in vitro and in vivo on fruit postharvest.
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    Volatile constituents of essential oils isolated from flowers and leaves of M.officinalis L.
    (Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2014-08-15) Kazemi, Mohsen; Esmaili, Farshid
    Volatile components of leaves of Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae family) from Iran were investigated. Essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from leaves of Melissa officinalis. Twenty-one constituents in the leaves oil were identified. Major constituents of the leaves oil were: trans-b-ocimene (4.5%), citronellal (3.21%), cadinol isomer (3.45%), neral (4.32%), geranial (8%), bcaryophyllene (16%), b-cubebene (10.21), calarene (4.32%), b-cadinene (4%), sesquiterpene alcohol (10.43%) and a-cadinol(9.05%). However, there were significant differences among the rates of those reported components. In conclusion, it is worthwhile to screen the commonly used plants from the local flora for different biological activities because they might present a new alternative source for possible bioactive substances.