2015 Cilt 9 Sayı 27

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https://hdl.handle.net/11452/19286

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    The effects of different diet total volatile nitrogen levels on blood biochemical parameters in broilers
    (Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016-02-17) Ghasemi-Sadabadi, Mohammad; Ebrahimnezhad, Yahya; Eshratkhah, Behrad; Maheri-Sis, Naser
    A study was conducted to determine the effects of different diet total volatile nitrogen levels on blood biochemical parameters in broilers. A total of 320 one day old, Ross 308 broiler chicks, were randomly allocated to one of the 20 floor pens in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicate groups and sixteen chicks in each group. The aim of using different levels of urea in this study due to created various levels of total volatile nitrogen in the diet. Dietary treatments consisted five different levels of urea including zero (control), 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 percentages of urea in the diets. The total content of volatile nitrogen (TVN) measured after adding different levels of urea in diet and found as 13.30, 14.95, 17.26, 23.26 and 27.47 mg per 100 g respectively in starter diets and 16.66, 15.02, 17.81, 24.66 and 26.25 TVN mg per 100 g growing diets, respectively. The chicks were fed without adding urea during the first week. At 42 days of age, four chickens (two male and two female) from each pen were selected and blood samples collected from taken wing vein. Glucose, triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), phosphorus, calcium, albumin, total protein, globulin, uric acid and urea were measured. The results indicated that high level of total volatile nitrogen in diet significantly increased blood urea, uric acid, TG, cholesterol, LDL, phosphorus, total protein and globulin levels, while significantly decreased blood glucose level in our study (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results of this study concluded that, increasing TVN in diet had deleterious effect on blood biochemical parameters in broilers.
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    Modeling yield loss in a tripartite canola-cover crop-weed system under varying nitrogen and seeding rates
    (Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016-03-07) Hamzehzarghani, Habiballah; Kazemeini, Seyed-Abdolreza; Edalat, Mohsen
    Possible use of cereal cover crops as a sustainable alternative weed control option in canola fields through optimizing cover crop and its density in canola-weed-cover cropping tripartite systems was modeled using a gamma density function with four parameters. The effect of competition between main crop (canola), cover crop (wheat or barley) and weeds on canola yield was studied in an experiment conducted in 2012/2013. Each cover crop was sown in four seeding rates: 0, 25, 50 and 75 percent under two nitrogen rates of 75 and 150 kg ha-1 . Weed suppression measured as canola relative yield was associated with the increase of seeding rate of cover crop according to a modified gamma density function. Parameters alpha, kappa, eta and lambda summarized the effect of N application on yield response under no cover crop conditions, measure of treatment effect on the curve amplitude, the plant density at which crop yield maximizes and the curve slope at the right tail which was an indication of the treatment effect on the rate of yield reduction beyond the seeding rate that maximized the crop yield, respectively. Model diagnostics and agreement analysis showed that the modified gamma density function described the functional response of the main crop to seeding rate of the cover crop equally well across a variety of treatment effects. Response curve analysis showed that in both levels of nitrogen, canola yield was more responsive to barley as cover crop when compared to winter wheat.
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    Investigation of barley productivity responses to different water consumption by using the CERES-Barley model
    (Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016-03-23) Rika, Zeinab Fatemi; Paknejad, Farzad; Amiri, Ebrahim; Ilkaee, Mohammad Nabi; Mirtaheri, Seyed Mehdi
    Cropping system models have evolved over the last four decades in response to demand for modeling to address more complex questions, including issues on sustainable production, climate change and environmental impact. The present study is about dynamic mechanistic model (CERES (Crop Environment RE source Synthesis)-Barley that was validated by predicting growth and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under different water management conditions. My objective was analysis of barley responses to different water consume for optimizing of biomass and yield productivity. Evaluation of analysis showed that performance of the model was reasonable as indicated by close correspondence of simulated crop phenology, biomass accumulation and grain yield versus measured data. Growth parameters of barley in CERES-Barley were calibrated through field experiments, Karaj (Iran) 2010-2011. Genotypic variables determined for 5 commonly cultivars grown in Karaj. The performance of the models was evaluated using simulated and observed data on anthesis and maturity date, in-season LAI, final yield and its components. Grain yields simulated by model were acceptable when compared with experimental results. The determination coefficient in historical series varied from 0.83 to 0.99 for evaluation of CERES- Barley under normal irrigation. The accuracy of model simulation in dry matter was optimum in based on correlation coefficient 0.91-0.98. Also model acted well for biomass simulation in treatments. As biomass measured data generally have 10-20% error and treatments widely varied in two irrigation system. The objective of this study was determine, whether CERES-Barley model could be forecast yield and biomass in maturity under growing season and ecological management in Karaj.
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    Essential oil constituents of Nigella sativa from Iran
    (Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016-03-30) Mokhtariniya, Shahin; Kazemi, Mohsen
    The essential oil of Nigella sativa L. collected from Kurdistan Mountain, Iran, was obtained by hydrodistillation. The oil was analyzed by chromatography/mass spectrophotometry (GC/MS). P-cymene (40.7%) and thymoquinone (20.32%) were the major components of the essential oil from Nigella sativa L.
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    Does grafting time affect the cactus performance?
    (Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016-03-30) Bayat, Neda; Naderi, Roohangiz; Maidani, Ardeshir Rahimi
    Grafting contains the uniting of two living plant parts so that they grow as a single plant. To investigate the effect of grafting times and different rootstocks and scions on cacti grafting, a factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design was adopted as the experimental design, with four replicates for each treatment. Treatments were time of grafting at two levels (spring and autumn) rootstocks at five levels (Cereus argentinensis, Borzicactus samaipatanus, Cleistocactus candelilla, Harrisia pomanensis and Eriocereus jusbertii) and scions at fives levels (Gymnocalycium, Echinocereus, Mammillaria, Rebutia and Coryphantha). Factors studied were scions diameter and length and sprouting. Results showed that Borzicactus samaipatanus was found to have the best performance on scions development in the spring, while the rootstocks Borzicactus samaipatanus and Cleistocactus candelilla showed a higher efficiency in grafted-cacti in the autumn. Echinocereus sp. was the best scion for grafting onto the cactus rootstocks in both spring and autumn. A greater compatibility was observed when Echinocereus sp. was combined with Cleistocactus candelilla. In conclusion, our results show that cactus grafting in the spring is more successful than autumn.
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    Effects of Nano- salicylate on quality and quantity of wssential oil components in Trachyspermum copticum
    (Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016-03-31) Kazemi, Mohsen; Mokhtariniya, Shahin
    The effect of application of nano- salicylate (2 and 3 mM) on components of essential oils (EOs) of Trachyspermum copticum was evaluated. The nano-salicylate increased α-pinene, γ-terpinene, thymol and carvacrol and decreased β-myrcene, p-cymene, β phellendrene, 4-terpineol, cis limonene oxide, dodecane, β-fenchyl alcohol, ethylene methacrylate and pentadecane concentration. Among the three T. copticum extracts, T. copticum treated with 3 mM nano salicylate showed the highest total phenolic content (176.94±58 mg/g) and showed the highest total flavonoid content (200.76±34 mg/g).