Edebî tasvir ve Arap edebiyatı’na yansımaları
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Date
2020-03-24
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Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
İfade biçimlerinden özel bir anlatım şekli kabul edilen edebî tasvir; duygusal bir manzarayı veya hayalî sahneyi canlandırmak olup, lafzın da bu işlemde araç olarak kullanılmasıdır. Edebî tasvirler duyguları ifade etmede, kastedilen mananın doğrudan ifade edilemediği durumlarda, gerçeklik intibaı uyandırılmak istendiğinde, okuyucuya şiirsel ve etkileyici bir his vermede ya da insanlar üzerinde ikna edici ve inandırıcı tesir oluşturmada son derece etkilidir. Önceleri edebî metinlerde geçen tasvirler için, tavsif sözcüğü kullanılmıştır. Tavsiflerde her zaman bir tasvir ve resimleştirme söz konusu olmuş ancak, ıstılah olarak “tasvir” kelimesi kullanılmamıştır. Arap edebiyatında tasvir kelimesine dikkat çeken ilk kişinin Câhız olduğu kabul edilir. Çünkü O, “Şiir sanattır, bir ürün örneğidir ve tasvir biçimidir” der. Câhız’dan sonra gelen Kudâme b. Ca‘fer de Yunan felsefesinin etkisiyle “sûret” kelimesini şekil açısından ele alır ve şiirdeki edebî tasviri, hissedilebilen maddelerdeki şekle kıyas eder. Abdulkâhir el-Curcânî’ye göre de “tasvir” temsil ve kıyastır; görülemeyen şeylerin, soyut anlamların, gözle görülebilecek şekilde ortaya konmasıdır. İşte bu makalede öncelikle edebî tasviri oluşturan “edeb” ve “tasvir” kavramları üzerinde durulmuş, daha sonra edebî tasvirin tanımı, çeşitleri, işlevleri, Arap Edebiyatı’na yansımaları ve belagatle olan ilişkisi örneklerle detaylı bir şekilde açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır
A literary description that is accepted as a special form of expression from the forms of expression is to revive an emotional scene or imaginary scene, and the phrase is also used as a tool in this process. Literary descriptions are extremely effective in expressing emotions, in cases where the meaning meant cannot be expressed directly, when the sense of reality is desired to be evoked, giving the reader a poetic and expressive feeling or creating convincing and convincing influence on people. In the past for descriptions in literary texts, the word “tavsîf” was used. There is always a description and illustration in the tavsîf, but the word “description” was not used as a technical term. It is accepted that the first person who draws attention to the word “description” in Arabic literature is al-Jâhiz. Because He says “Poetry is art, an example of a product, and a form of description.” Qudâma b. Ja‘far takes the word “sûrat” in terms of shape with the effect of the Greek philosophy and compares the literary description in poetry to the shape in tangible items. According to Abdulqâhir al-Jurcânî, “description” is tamthîl (simile) and kıyâs (analogy); it is the visualization of things that cannot be seen, abstract meanings, in a visible way. In this article, firstly, the concepts of “literature” and “description”, which constitute the concept of literary description, are studied, and then, the definition of “literary description”, its types, functions, reflections on Arabic Literature and its relation with eloquence are tried to be explained with examples.
A literary description that is accepted as a special form of expression from the forms of expression is to revive an emotional scene or imaginary scene, and the phrase is also used as a tool in this process. Literary descriptions are extremely effective in expressing emotions, in cases where the meaning meant cannot be expressed directly, when the sense of reality is desired to be evoked, giving the reader a poetic and expressive feeling or creating convincing and convincing influence on people. In the past for descriptions in literary texts, the word “tavsîf” was used. There is always a description and illustration in the tavsîf, but the word “description” was not used as a technical term. It is accepted that the first person who draws attention to the word “description” in Arabic literature is al-Jâhiz. Because He says “Poetry is art, an example of a product, and a form of description.” Qudâma b. Ja‘far takes the word “sûrat” in terms of shape with the effect of the Greek philosophy and compares the literary description in poetry to the shape in tangible items. According to Abdulqâhir al-Jurcânî, “description” is tamthîl (simile) and kıyâs (analogy); it is the visualization of things that cannot be seen, abstract meanings, in a visible way. In this article, firstly, the concepts of “literature” and “description”, which constitute the concept of literary description, are studied, and then, the definition of “literary description”, its types, functions, reflections on Arabic Literature and its relation with eloquence are tried to be explained with examples.
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Keywords
Belagat, Arap edebiyatı, Tasvir, Edeb, Arabic literature, Edebî tasvir, Literature, Rhetoric, Literary description, Description
Citation
Kavak, F. (2020). ''Edebî tasvir ve Arap edebiyatı’na yansımaları''. Uludağ Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(1), 189-228.