On iki imam Şiiliğinde tasavvufa muhalefet
Date
2002
Authors
Pürcevâdî, Nasrullah
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Tasavvufun, Şiilikle, özellikle de On İki İmam Şiiliği ile birçok ortak yönü vardır. Bununla birlikte, tasavvuf, esas olarak Sünniliğin tarzı olarak gelişmiştir. Bunun sonucu olarak Şiiler, sûfîlere muhalefet etmiş, hatta bazan düşmanca davranmışlardır. Tasavvufu eleştiren ilk İmâmî yazarlardan birisi, Cemaleddin el-Murtazâ er-Râzî’ydi. Birçok diğer Şii alim ve yazar, daha sonraki dönemde ve bugün tasavvufa karşı düşmanlığı ifade ettiği halde, Şiilerle sûfîler arasındaki ilişkinin, VIII. asır ve sonrasında kesin olarak değişime uğradığı belirtilmelidir. Bu değişim, birkaç Şii düşünür ve yazarın, sûfî düşünceleri, özellikle de İbnü’l-Arabî’nin doktrinini, Şii ilahiyat ve felsefesi ile birleştirme çabalarının bir sonucudur. Bu dönemden sonra, Şii alimleri, sûfîlere karşı muhalefetlerine göre iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Birinci grup, hukuk alanında uzmanlaşan, tasavvuf ve sûfîlere karşı olan kimselerden oluşmaktaydı. Diğer Şii alimler grubu ise, tasavvufun teorik görünümüne inanan kimselerdi. Hal-i hazırda tasavvufun taraftar ve muhaliflerinin, İran’da dengelendiği ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu durum, sûfîlerin İran devriminden sonra neden çeşitli tacizlere ma’rûz kalmadığını da açıklamaktadır.
Sûfîsm has much in common with Shiism, particularly Twelver Shiism. Yet, Sûfîsm developed basically as a form of Sunnism, whence it follows that the Shiites were opposed and at times even hostile to the Sûfîs. One of the first Imami writers who criticized Sûfîsm was Jamal ad-Din al-Murtada alRazi. Although many other Shii Ulama and writers expressed hostility towards Sûfîs in the period thereafter and up to the present, it should be observed that the relationship between the Shiites and the Sûfîs definitely went through a change from the eighth century onwards. This change is the result of the efforts of a number of Shii thinkers and writers to incorporate Sûfî ideas, especially the doctrine of Ibn Arabi into Shii theology and philosophy. After this period, the Shii ulama, as far as their opposition towards the Sûfîs goes, were divided into two groups. One group consisted of those who were exclusively specialized in Law and who were against Sûfîsm and Sûfîs.The second group of Shii ulama were those who believed in the theorical aspect of Sûfîsm. At present adherents and opponents of Sûfîsm would appear to be evenly banaced in Iran, which explains why Sûfîs, did not suffer serious harassment after the Iranian revolution.
Sûfîsm has much in common with Shiism, particularly Twelver Shiism. Yet, Sûfîsm developed basically as a form of Sunnism, whence it follows that the Shiites were opposed and at times even hostile to the Sûfîs. One of the first Imami writers who criticized Sûfîsm was Jamal ad-Din al-Murtada alRazi. Although many other Shii Ulama and writers expressed hostility towards Sûfîs in the period thereafter and up to the present, it should be observed that the relationship between the Shiites and the Sûfîs definitely went through a change from the eighth century onwards. This change is the result of the efforts of a number of Shii thinkers and writers to incorporate Sûfî ideas, especially the doctrine of Ibn Arabi into Shii theology and philosophy. After this period, the Shii ulama, as far as their opposition towards the Sûfîs goes, were divided into two groups. One group consisted of those who were exclusively specialized in Law and who were against Sûfîsm and Sûfîs.The second group of Shii ulama were those who believed in the theorical aspect of Sûfîsm. At present adherents and opponents of Sûfîsm would appear to be evenly banaced in Iran, which explains why Sûfîs, did not suffer serious harassment after the Iranian revolution.
Description
Bu çalışma, Frederick de Jong ve Bernd Radtke’nin editörlüğünde hazırlanan Islamic Mysticism Contested (Leiden 1999) adlı eserin 614-623 sayfaları arasında yayımlanmıştır.
Keywords
Şii, Tasavvuf, Sûfîlik, Shii, Sûfîsm
Citation
Pürcevâdî, N. (2002). "On iki imam Şiiliğinde tasavvufa muhalefet". çev. Abdullah Kartal. Uludağ Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(1), 233-242.