Arılar ve insektisitler

Abstract

Literatüre dayalı olarak hazırlanan bu makalede, balarıları ve yaban arıları hakkında kısa bilgiler verilmiş, balarısının meydana getirdiği bal, balmumu, arısütü, arı zehiri ve propolis yanında genel olarak kültür ve yabani bitkilerin tozlaşmasındaki önemi üzerinde durulurken yaban arılarının da önemine değinilmiştir. Bal arısı ve yaban arılarının tarımsal zararlılara karşı kullanılan insektisitlerden etkilenmeleri açıklanmış ve alınacak önlemler üzerinde durulmuştur.

Goal: The goal of this review to summarize honey bees and wild bees and the effects of insecticides. Discussion: Bees are a group of insects take place in the Apiformes group of the superfamily Apoidea of the order Hymenoprera. Bees have usually robust a hairy body, they differ from nearly all hymenopters in their dependence on pollen collected from flowers as a protein source to feed their larvae. Thus nearly all bees are plant feeders (phytophag). Nearly 20 000 species of bees have been formally described, and as many as 30 000 are estimated worldwide. Most of them are solitary species in which females single-handedly make a nest and produce the next generation of fertile offspring. Honey bee, Apis mellifera L. is the most important social bee species occurs almost worldwide. Pollination is an essential ecosystem service that depends to a large extent on symbiosis between species, the pollinated and pollinator. There is a close association between flowering plant and bees. Diversity among species, including agricultural crops, depends on bee pollination. Bees pollinate over 16% of the world’s flowering plant species. Although honey bee produces honey, wax, royal jelly, and propolis it plays a dominant role, being the only managed pollinator available for field and outdoor fruit crops. Additionally, honey bee is active in late winter and early spring, therefore, honey bee colonies are able to muster large numbers of pollinators when they are needed for late winter and early spring blooms, as well as throughout the rest of the growing season.