II. Abdülhamid döneminde eğitim sisteminde modernleşme çabaları: Kızların eğitimi ve Bursa İnas Rüşdiye Mektebi
Loading...
Date
2014-06-01
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
II. Mahmud devrinde sıbyan okullarının yetersizliği konusunda tartışmaların artması üzerine ortaokul özelliğinde olması düşünülen “rüşdiye” mektepleri açılmaya başlandı. Çocukların ergenlik çağına kadar bu okullarda okutulması düşünüldüğünden bu mekteplere önce “sınıf-ı sânî” adı verilmek istenmiş, sonrasında ise “rüşdiye” adı bizzat padişah tarafından verilmiştir. İlk rüşdiye mektebi 1838 tarihinde açılmıştır. 1867’ye kadar rüşdiye mekteplerinde sadece Müslüman öğrenciler okurken, bu tarihten sonra Türkçe sınavını başarıyla geçen Osmanlı tebasından her öğrenci mektebe kabul edilmeye başlanmıştır. 1869 tarihinden itibaren yayımlanan Nizamnâme ile “Mekâtib-i Rüşdiye”ler hakkında temel kararlar alınmıştır. 1876’dan evvel Osmanlı’da 423 rüşdiye, 20.000’e yakın talebe mevcuttur. Bursa Rüşdiye Mektebi inşaatı bittikten sonra gerekli sayıda öğretmen atamasının yapılması ile 1860 yılında açılmıştır. 1875 tarihinde Hudâvendigâr Vilâyeti’nde 25 rüşdiye mektebi, 1081 öğrenci bulunmaktadır. II. Abdülhamid döneminde rüşdiye mektepleri ile ilgili düzenlemeler yapılmaya devam edilmiştir. 1879 yılında maârif merkez teşkilatı yeniden düzenlenmiş ve Maârif Nezâreti bünyesinde bir “Mekâtib-i Rüşdiye Dâiresi” kurulmuştur. Bu gelişmelere paralel olarak II. Abdülhamid döneminde Bursa’da erkek rüşdiyelerinin dışında bir kız rüşdiyesi açılmıştır. Önceleri bir evi kiralanarak eğitim veren bu okul, daha sonraları bugünkü Bursa Mahkeme Hamamı civarında inşa edilen binada hizmet vermeye başlamıştır. 1911’de Mal Hatun İnas Mektebi adıyla anılan okul, sonraki yıllarda değişik adlarla tanımlanmış ve bugünkü Kız Lisesi’nin nüvesini oluşturmuştur. 1899’da Bursa İnas Rüşdiyesi’nde 3 muallime, 20 kız öğrenci, 1 müstahdem vardı. 1893’den 1894’e devreden öğrenci sayısı 112, yeni kayıt 13, mektebi terk eden öğrenci sayısı 36, şehadetnâme alan öğrenci sayısı 8, öğretmen sayısı 5’tir.
With the increase of the debate on the insufficiency of primary schools in Mahmoud II reing, the opening of the “rüşdiye” schools, which were considered as secondary schools, started. Since it was thought to educate children in these schools until puberty, the name ‘sınıf-‘ı sani’ was considered to be given to these schools, but later the name ‘rüşdiye’ was given by the sultan himself. The first ‘rüşdiye’ was opened in 1838. Until 1867 only Muslim children had been educated in these schools, since then every person from Ottoman community who passed the Turkish exam successfully was started to be accepted. Since 1869, with the published Nizamname, key decisions had been made about “Mekâtib-i Rüşdiye”. Before 1876, 423 rüşdiye and about 20.000 students had been available. After the completion of the construction of Bursa Rüşdiye Mektebi, with the assignment of required number of teachers, the school was opened in 1861. In 1875 in Hüdavendigar Province, there were 25 rüşdiye schools and 1081 students. In Abdülhamid II period relevant regulations with rüşdiye school were continued. In 1879 the central organization of the Ministry of Education was re-arranged and “Mekâtib-i Rüşdiye Dâiresi” was established within the body of Ministry of Education. Parallel with these developments in Abdülhamid II period, a girl’s school (rüşdiye) was opened along with the boy’s school (rüşdiye) in Bursa. This school, which provided education in a rented house previously, started to provide service in a building which was built around today’s Bursa Mahkeme Hamamı. The school, called Mal Hatun İnas Mektebi in 1911, was defined with different names in next the years and formed the core of today’s Kız Lisesi. In 1899 at Bursa İnas Rüşdiyesi, there were 3 mistresses, 20 female students and 1 employee. The number of transferor students from 1893 to 1894 was 112, new register was 13, the number of students who left the school was 36, the number of students getting testimonial was 8 and the number of teachers was 5.
With the increase of the debate on the insufficiency of primary schools in Mahmoud II reing, the opening of the “rüşdiye” schools, which were considered as secondary schools, started. Since it was thought to educate children in these schools until puberty, the name ‘sınıf-‘ı sani’ was considered to be given to these schools, but later the name ‘rüşdiye’ was given by the sultan himself. The first ‘rüşdiye’ was opened in 1838. Until 1867 only Muslim children had been educated in these schools, since then every person from Ottoman community who passed the Turkish exam successfully was started to be accepted. Since 1869, with the published Nizamname, key decisions had been made about “Mekâtib-i Rüşdiye”. Before 1876, 423 rüşdiye and about 20.000 students had been available. After the completion of the construction of Bursa Rüşdiye Mektebi, with the assignment of required number of teachers, the school was opened in 1861. In 1875 in Hüdavendigar Province, there were 25 rüşdiye schools and 1081 students. In Abdülhamid II period relevant regulations with rüşdiye school were continued. In 1879 the central organization of the Ministry of Education was re-arranged and “Mekâtib-i Rüşdiye Dâiresi” was established within the body of Ministry of Education. Parallel with these developments in Abdülhamid II period, a girl’s school (rüşdiye) was opened along with the boy’s school (rüşdiye) in Bursa. This school, which provided education in a rented house previously, started to provide service in a building which was built around today’s Bursa Mahkeme Hamamı. The school, called Mal Hatun İnas Mektebi in 1911, was defined with different names in next the years and formed the core of today’s Kız Lisesi. In 1899 at Bursa İnas Rüşdiyesi, there were 3 mistresses, 20 female students and 1 employee. The number of transferor students from 1893 to 1894 was 112, new register was 13, the number of students who left the school was 36, the number of students getting testimonial was 8 and the number of teachers was 5.
Description
Bu makale, “13. International Congress of Ottoman Social and Economic History-İspanya 2013”de sözlü bildiri olarak sunulmuştur.
Keywords
Abdülhamid II, Bursa, İnas Rüşdiyesi, Modernleşme, Kızların eğitimi, Inas Rüşdiye, Modernization, Girl's education
Citation
Eğri, S. (2014). “II. Abdülhamid döneminde eğitim sisteminde modernleşme çabaları: Kızların eğitimi ve Bursa İnas Rüşdiye Mektebi”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(26), 127-148.