Tanzimat’tan Erken Cumhuriyet’e değişim içerisinde kadın ve “yeni kadın” söylemi
Date
2023-05-10
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu makale, Türk modernleşme sürecinin Tanzimat, II. Meşrutiyet ve Erken Cumhuriyet aşamalarında merkezî rol oynayan kadın ve ideal kadın söylemlerindeki değişime odaklanmaktadır. Makalede bu üç dönemde eğitim, çalışma, aile hayatı ve gündelik yaşamda kadının değişimini bütüncül ve süreklilik ilişkisi içerisinde ele almak amaçlanmaktadır. Bu sebeple çalışmada, uzun süreli tarihsel ve toplumsal dönüşümleri, makro ve mikro etkileşimleri ihmal etmeden bütünsel olarak analiz eden tarihsel sosyoloji yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Makalede birçok disiplinin kesişme noktasında bulunan kadın konusuna odaklanıldığı için farklı bilim dallarına ait pek çok kaynaktan yararlanılmıştır. Çalışma neticesinde her üç dönemde de gelecek nesilleri yetiştirme rolü nedeniyle kadınların eğitilmesinin merkeze alındığı ve aile odaklı bir kadın söyleminin geliştirildiği tespit edilmiştir. Kadının toplumsal hayata katılımı bakımından ise Cumhuriyet’in ilanından sonra farklı bir yol haritası çizilmiş, Batılı giyim tarzı ile mesleklerini icra eden kadınlar, Cumhuriyet’in sembolü hâline gelmişlerdir. Her üç dönem, kadının eğitimi ve aile içi rolleri bakımından benzerlik arz etse de iyi Müslüman, iyi anne, iyi eş olarak formüle edilen Osmanlı yeni kadını, Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde iyi anne, iyi eş, iyi yurttaş kadına evrilmiştir.
This article focuses on the change in the discourses of women and ideal women, which played central roles in the Tanzimat Era, 2nd Constitutional Period, and Early Republican period in Turkey. In the article, the purpose is to deal with the change of women in education, work, family life, and daily life in these three periods in a holistic and continuity relation. For this reason, the historical sociology approach, which analyzes long-term historical and social transformations in a holistic manner without neglecting macro and micro interactions, was used in the study. Many sources from different disciplines were used in the study because the article focused on the issue of women, which is at the intersection of many disciplines. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the education of women was taken into the center because of the role of raising future generations in all three periods and a family-oriented women’s discourse was developed. In terms of the participation of women in social life, a different road map was drawn after the proclamation of the Republic, and women who practiced their professions with Western clothing became the symbol of the Republic. Although each of the three periods was similar in terms of the education and family roles of women, the Ottoman new woman, who was formulated as a good Muslim, good mother, and a good wife, evolved into a good mother, good wife, good citizen woman in the Republican Period.
This article focuses on the change in the discourses of women and ideal women, which played central roles in the Tanzimat Era, 2nd Constitutional Period, and Early Republican period in Turkey. In the article, the purpose is to deal with the change of women in education, work, family life, and daily life in these three periods in a holistic and continuity relation. For this reason, the historical sociology approach, which analyzes long-term historical and social transformations in a holistic manner without neglecting macro and micro interactions, was used in the study. Many sources from different disciplines were used in the study because the article focused on the issue of women, which is at the intersection of many disciplines. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the education of women was taken into the center because of the role of raising future generations in all three periods and a family-oriented women’s discourse was developed. In terms of the participation of women in social life, a different road map was drawn after the proclamation of the Republic, and women who practiced their professions with Western clothing became the symbol of the Republic. Although each of the three periods was similar in terms of the education and family roles of women, the Ottoman new woman, who was formulated as a good Muslim, good mother, and a good wife, evolved into a good mother, good wife, good citizen woman in the Republican Period.
Description
Keywords
Sosyoloji, Tarihsel sosyoloji, Türk modernleşmesi, Kadın modernleşmesi, Yeni kadın, Sociology, Historical sociology, Turkish modernization, Women’s modernization, New woman
Citation
Turan, S. Ü. ve Kurt, A. (2023). ''Tanzimat’tan Erken Cumhuriyet’e değişim içerisinde kadın ve “Yeni Kadın” söylemi '' Uludağ Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(1), 25-54.