Bronkopulmoner displazide risk faktörleri
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Date
2008
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Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Amaç: Bronkopulmoner displazi (BPD) oksijen ve pozitif basınçlı ventilasyon ile tedavi edilen prematüre bebeklerde gelişen kronik bir akciğer hastalığıdır. Yenidoğan bakımındaki tüm gelişmelere rağmen preterm bebeklerde en sık görülen uzun dönem komplikasyonudur. Bu çalışmanın amacı yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde izlenen ve BPD gelişen olguların değerlendirilmesi, BPD sıklığı- nın belirlenmesi ve BPD ile ilişkili risk faktörlerinin saptanmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya Ocak 2005 ile Ocak 2006 tarihleri arasında Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Ünitesine yatırılarak izlenen 276 prematüre bebek alındı. İzlemlerinde BPD gelişen ve gelişmeyen bebekler karakteristik özellikler ve risk faktörleri açısından karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Hastaların gestasyon yaşları ortalama 31±3,1(24-36) hafta, doğum ağırlıkları ortalama 1607±610 (500-4000) gram idi. Çalışmaya alınan hastaların %30’unda (84/276) BPD saptandı. BPD gelişen olguların ortalama gestasyon haftası 30±3 (24-36), doğum ağırlıkları 1171±423 (530-3700) gram bulundu. BPD saptanan bebeklerin %36’sı (31/84) 28 haftadan küçük ve %41,9’unun (26/84) do- ğum ağırlığı 1000 gramın altında idi. BPD gelişimi için en önemli risk faktörlerinin gestasyon haftası ve doğum ağırlığı olduğu, gestasyon haftası ve doğum ağırlığı küçüldükçe BPD riskinin arttığı görüldü. BPD gelişen olgularda mekanik ventiasyon süresi 40±4,3 gün iken, BPD gelişmeyenlerde 17±2 gün olarak bulundu ve farklılık istatistiksel olarak da anlamlı idi (p<0,05). Benzer şekilde oksjen tedavi süresi, BPD’li olgularda, BPD olmayanlara oranla anlamlı yüksekti (p<0,05). Ayrıca respiratuvar distres sendromu, intraventriküler hemoraji, annede koriyoamniyonit varlığı, uzamış total parenteral nütrisyon, sık transfüzyon BPD gelişimi ile anlamlı olarak ilişkili bulundu. Sonuç: BPD multifaktöriyel olarak gelişmektedir. Ancak en önemli risk faktörü prematürite, düşük doğum ağırlığı, mekanik ventilasyon ve uzun süreli oksijen kullanımıdır. En etkin koruma prematüre doğumların önlenmesi, mekanik ventilasyon süresinin azaltılması ve oksijenin gerekli olan en az dozda verilmesi ile mümkün olmaktadır.
Aim: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that develops in premature infants who were treated with oxygen and positive pressure ventilation. Although there are recent advances in neonatal care, it has been still the most common long term complication in preterm infants. The aim of this study was to evaluate infants who developed BPD throughout the clinical course of hospitalisation and to determine BPD frequency and also the risk factors associated with BPD. Materials and Method: A total of 276 infants who admitted to neonatal intensive care unit between January 2005 and January 2006 were included to this study. The infants with and without BPD were compared according to characteristic features and risk factors. Results: The mean gestational age and birth weight of all infants were 31±3.1(range, 24-36) weeks, and1607±610 (range, 500-4000) gram, respectively. BPD was diagnosed in 30% (84/276) of all infants. The mean gestational age and birth weight of infants with BPD were 30±3 (range, 24-36) weeks, and 1171±423 (range, 530-3700) gram, respectively. The 36% (31/84) of infants were smaller than 28 gestational age and 41.9% (26/84) were smaller than 1000 gram. Gestational age and birth weight were found to be the most important risk factors for development of BPD, and BPD risk increased as the gestational age and birth weight decreased. The duration of mechanical ventilation in infants with BPD and without BPD were found to be 40±4.3 days and, 17±2 days, respectively and this difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Similarly, the duration of oxygen therapy was found to be statistically higher in infants with BPD compared with the infants without BPD (p<0.05). Also, respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, chorioamnionitis in mother, prolonged total parenteral nutrition, and frequent blood transfusion were also other risk factors that were significantly associated with development of BPD. Conclusion: The risk for BPD is multifactorial. It was observed that the most important risk factors for BPD were prematurity, low birth weight, mechanical ventilation and prolonged oxygen therapy. Preventing small gestational age and low birth weight prematurity, decreasing the duration of mechanical ventilation and also to give minimum oxygen supply in premature infants.
Aim: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that develops in premature infants who were treated with oxygen and positive pressure ventilation. Although there are recent advances in neonatal care, it has been still the most common long term complication in preterm infants. The aim of this study was to evaluate infants who developed BPD throughout the clinical course of hospitalisation and to determine BPD frequency and also the risk factors associated with BPD. Materials and Method: A total of 276 infants who admitted to neonatal intensive care unit between January 2005 and January 2006 were included to this study. The infants with and without BPD were compared according to characteristic features and risk factors. Results: The mean gestational age and birth weight of all infants were 31±3.1(range, 24-36) weeks, and1607±610 (range, 500-4000) gram, respectively. BPD was diagnosed in 30% (84/276) of all infants. The mean gestational age and birth weight of infants with BPD were 30±3 (range, 24-36) weeks, and 1171±423 (range, 530-3700) gram, respectively. The 36% (31/84) of infants were smaller than 28 gestational age and 41.9% (26/84) were smaller than 1000 gram. Gestational age and birth weight were found to be the most important risk factors for development of BPD, and BPD risk increased as the gestational age and birth weight decreased. The duration of mechanical ventilation in infants with BPD and without BPD were found to be 40±4.3 days and, 17±2 days, respectively and this difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Similarly, the duration of oxygen therapy was found to be statistically higher in infants with BPD compared with the infants without BPD (p<0.05). Also, respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, chorioamnionitis in mother, prolonged total parenteral nutrition, and frequent blood transfusion were also other risk factors that were significantly associated with development of BPD. Conclusion: The risk for BPD is multifactorial. It was observed that the most important risk factors for BPD were prematurity, low birth weight, mechanical ventilation and prolonged oxygen therapy. Preventing small gestational age and low birth weight prematurity, decreasing the duration of mechanical ventilation and also to give minimum oxygen supply in premature infants.
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Keywords
Bronkopulmoner displazi, Prematürite, Oksijen tedavisi, Kronik akciğer hastalığı, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Prematurity, Oxygen therapy, Chronic lung disease
Citation
Özkan, H. vd. (2008). "Bronkopulmoner displazide risk faktörleri". Güncel Pediatri, 6(2), 66-71.