Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nde engelli eğitimi (1923-1972)
Date
2023-09-22
Authors
Kandur, Ayşe
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Adrese dayalı nüfus kayıt sisteminin verileri nüfusumuzun %6.9’unun en az bir engele sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Oldukça yüksek olan engelli sayısı bize engelli eğitiminin kapsayacağı insan sayısı ve önemi hakkında ipuçları vermektedir. Dünya’da ve ülkemizde engellilerin eğitimi konusu oldukça geç aksiyona geçilmiş bir mesele olmuştur. Türk toplumunda her zaman şefkat ve anlayışla karşılanmış olsa da günümüzde engelli bireylerin eğitimi bir ülke için önemli bir konu haline gelmiştir. Osmanlı Devleti’nin son dönemlerinde çeşitli eğitimcilerin ve devlet adamlarının çabaları ile önce sağır ve dilsizler, sonra körler için eğitim faaliyetleri başlamış ve çeşitli okullar açılmıştır. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ilanıyla çeşitli aksamalar olsa da bu eğitim faaliyetleri devam etmiştir. Bu tez çalışmasında Cumhuriyetin ilanından 1972 yılına kadar engelli eğitiminin gelişimi, açılan okulların yapısı, işleyişi incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma beş bölümden oluşmuştur. Birinci bölümde problem durumu, araştırma soruları, araştırmanın konusu ve amacı, araştırmanın önemi ve araştırmanın sınırlılıklarına yer verilmiştir. İkinci bölümde kavramsal çerçeve; üçüncü bölümde yöntem; dördüncü bölümde ise araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara yer verilmiştir. Cumhuriyet Döneminde açılan engelli okullarının ilk örnekleri incelenmiş bu okulların amaçları, yapısı, programları ve işleyişi üzerinde durulmuştur. Aynı zamanda engelli eğitiminin yasal gelişimine yer verilmiştir. Okulların açılması ve geliştirilmesinde o dönemdeki bazı eğitimcilerin üstün gayretleri önemli bir katkı sağlamıştır. Sonuç bölümünde ise sürecin başından sonuna kadar gerçekleşen faaliyetlere ve yasal gelişmelere değinilmiştir.
The data obtained from the address-based population registration system shows that 6.9% of our population has at least one disability. This quite high number of people with disabilities gives us clues about the number of people to be involved and importance of education for people with disabilities. Both around the world and in our country, the education of the disabled has been an issue that has been taken into action rather late. Although it has always been met with compassion and understanding in Turkish society, today the education of disabled people has become an important issue for any country. In the last periods of the Ottoman Empire, with the efforts of various educators and statesmen, education activities were initiated first for the deaf and dumb, then for the blind, and various schools were opened. With the proclamation of the Republic of Turkey, these educational activities went on despite various disruptions. In this thesis study, the development of disabled education after the proclamation of the Republic, the structure and functioning of the schools opened are examined. This study consists of six chapters. The first chapter includes the problem statement, research questions, the subject and purpose of the research, the importance of the research and the limitations of the research. In the second part, the conceptual framework; in the third part, the methodology; and in the fourth part, the findings obtained from the research are handled. The first examples of schools for disabled opened in the Republican Period were examined and the aims, structure, curricula and functioning of these schools were emphasized. At the same time, the legal development of disability education was included. The opening and development of schools could be realized as a result of the outstanding efforts of some educators of the time. In the conclusion section, the activities and legal progress from the beginning to the end of the process are mentioned.
The data obtained from the address-based population registration system shows that 6.9% of our population has at least one disability. This quite high number of people with disabilities gives us clues about the number of people to be involved and importance of education for people with disabilities. Both around the world and in our country, the education of the disabled has been an issue that has been taken into action rather late. Although it has always been met with compassion and understanding in Turkish society, today the education of disabled people has become an important issue for any country. In the last periods of the Ottoman Empire, with the efforts of various educators and statesmen, education activities were initiated first for the deaf and dumb, then for the blind, and various schools were opened. With the proclamation of the Republic of Turkey, these educational activities went on despite various disruptions. In this thesis study, the development of disabled education after the proclamation of the Republic, the structure and functioning of the schools opened are examined. This study consists of six chapters. The first chapter includes the problem statement, research questions, the subject and purpose of the research, the importance of the research and the limitations of the research. In the second part, the conceptual framework; in the third part, the methodology; and in the fourth part, the findings obtained from the research are handled. The first examples of schools for disabled opened in the Republican Period were examined and the aims, structure, curricula and functioning of these schools were emphasized. At the same time, the legal development of disability education was included. The opening and development of schools could be realized as a result of the outstanding efforts of some educators of the time. In the conclusion section, the activities and legal progress from the beginning to the end of the process are mentioned.
Description
Keywords
Engelli eğitimi, Körler okulu, Sağır dilsiz körlerin eğitimi, Sağırlar okulu, Özel eğitim, Education of the disabled, Education of deaf mute blind, Special education, School for the blind, School for the deaf
Citation
Kandur, A. (2023). Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nde engelli eğitimi (1923-1972). Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.