2009 Sayı 3
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Item Open Access The Zodiac in ancient mosaics: Representation of concept of time(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2009) Şahin, DeryaRoma döneminde altın çağını yaşayan mozaik sanatı halka açık yapıların yanı sıra refah seviyesi yüksek insanların evlerini de süslemeye başlamıştır. Mozaik döşemelerde yaşanan bu ciddi talep artışı, ustaları model çeşitliliğine zorlamış bunun sonucunda da, çok geniş bir repertuar ortaya çıkmıştır. Zodyak ve zaman kavramının kişileştirilmesi de bu yeni dönemde kullanılan motiflerden birisi olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, nadir kullanılan kompozisyonlar arasında yer alan bu motife ait örnekleri bir arada incelemek, yer aldığı mekânları göz önünde bulundurarak mimariyle olan ilişkisini ortaya koymak ve böylece neden tercih edilmiş olabileceği sorusuna yanıt aramaktır.Item Open Access Mozaikler üzerinde güneş saati betimli sahneler: Hatay Müzesinde yer alan iki parça ve diğer örnekler üzerine araştırmalar(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2009) Salman, BarışA cross-section of daily life takes place on two pieces of mosaics in Hatay Museum. On both pieces there is a man figure with beard trying to catch the dinner. The time shown by the sundial on the scene was described by the inscription taking place on one of the pieces. Sundials apart from the ones at Hatay Museum take place on the scenes described by the scientists or philosophers who are engaged in scientific studies. The sundial described on the mosaic in Trier among the samples of Hatay Museum pieces and others differ from the others. The sundial described here must most probably be a model belonging to a time in which sundials just improved in Hellen world. Moreover, this sundial must be a model used not to determine the time but to observe the movements of the sun. Descriptions of sundials other than Trier sample are the samples taking place on the models of Vitruvius and those gained the identity of these complex tools.Item Open Access Bodrum-Torba monastery mosaics(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2009) Özet, AykutBodrum ilçesine bağlı Torba köyünde 2000 yılında yapılan kazılar sırasında Geç Roma Çağına tarihlenen taşınır ve taşınmaz eserler ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Tapınak-Şapel, Rahipler evi, Büyük Kilise, Hamam ve Sarnıç gibi taşınmaz eserler içinde yapılan kazı çalışmalarında, tahrip edilmiş alanlar dışında kaliteli mozaiklerle döşenmiş tabanlara rastlanmıştır. Mozaikler genel olarak MS. V-VII yüzyıllara tarihlenen motifler içermektedir. Tessera büyüklükleri ve sayıları da bu yüzyılların özelliklerini taşımaktadır. Özel sektör elindeki bu külliye ne yazık ki korunamamakta ve her geçen gün biraz daha tahrip olmaktadır.Item Open Access Danae Evi’nin mozaikleri(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2009) Önal, MehmetDanae House was unearthed by my responsibility, on head of Gaziantep Museum Directorate in 2003-4 excavation. The house was named Danae owing to Danae was figured on the mosaics. Danae-Diktys mosaics were found in shallow pool (impluvium) of inner court. On this mosaics, the chest containing Danae and Perseus washed ashore on the island of Seriphos is described. Danae gets out from the box with her baby Perseus who was embraced by her, over agains pirate Diktys extends his hand to baby Perseus. One of the fisherman holds cover of the chest, the other looks at inside it. Similar scene like DanaeDiktys were find few on the other mosaics. The scene were described on the wall and vase painting. On these grounds, the Danae mosaics of Zeugma is rare. Geometrics desing mosaics are seen on the ground of perystyle, living room, resting room and latrine. The motifs of geometric mosaics are intersecting circles forming quatrefoils, row of tanged outlined with serrated fillets, shaded three-strand guilloche, meander and row of tangent four-pointed stars as saltires, with in crosslets of 5 poised tesserae. These geometric motifs are also seen on the ground mosaics of the other houses of Zeugma. Owing to location of Danae House is higher than Birecik Dam lake, its mosaics are left on-site in original rooms which they were found.Item Open Access Prusia Ad Olympum mozaikleri(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2009) Okçu, Recep; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi/Arkeoloji Bölümü.Bursa city is one of the rare cities which continues its development since the Hellenistic Period. The origin of the city is ancient Prusia Ad Olympum city. The ancient city, which was surrounded by city walls, has a location that is dominant to the recent modern city. The city also has an archaeological potantial which lead us to find many ruins and finds. Among these ruins, especially in the recent years like various places in Anatolia, mosaic pavements have been outshining. Therefore, this paper deals with mosaic pavements of ancient Prusia Ad Olympum city. One of these mentioned mosaics are the pavement which was found in 1949 in Yerkapı, and the others are the pavement found in Molla Güreni quarter in 2003-2004 and the pavement lying on the floor of Orhangazi Mousoleum.Item Open Access Milas Ahmet Çavuş Mahallesi’nden çıkan mozaikler(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2009) Kızıl, Abuzer; Özcan, H. ÖzyurtA rescue excavation was conducted by Milas Museum in Ahmet Çavuş District in Milas after some remains of walls and mosaics in between on the floor has been discovered within a substructure dig in an open field. Excavatons were conducted on a 54 X 38.42 m area. Mosaics were found in north, south and eastern parts of the area. Mosaics continue to under the streets to the east and north. Houses and piles of soil made it difficult to assess the situation to the South of the area. Six rooms were discovered in the area holding opus tessellatum and opus vermiculatum mosaics with floral and geometric motifs. In addition to that, during the excavations ceramics from a wide time period has been discovered at the site; starting from geometric Period till the end of Middle Ages. While the walls and ceramics indicate at least a few different periods for the structure, mosaics on the other hand are all made in same time period considering technique, style and composition. Dark blue is used for all the outlines, red, yellow, pink, light blue and white tesserae for the background is used for the compositions. Seeing no wall in the structure is aid upon the mosaic we can say that the additions to the building were finished before the mosaics were in place. One exception is a stone block we see on the Medusa’s head in location nr. VI. On three of the mosaics floral decorations are used for borders while geometric decorations are used for the compositions. Wave, saw- tooth, swastika, guilloche, peltae, leaves inside intersecting circles, circles, triangles, zigzag, checkers and Solomon’s knot motifs are used for the decorations. We see that these motifs are also used in architectural decoration since earlier periods. These motifs are used on many examples in Early Christian Period churches, baths, houses and graves; they all repeat each other without any regional differences. Some compositions however evolve in Early Christian Period and used in certain regions. The composition in the second panel from location nr. II is an example to this. It is thought to be originated from Cos island and used only in southeastern Karia and Twelve Islands in V. century buildings. This composition consisting of geometric motifs used before is arranged in a different manner that we don’t see in earlier periods. The example in Milas is one of the few we know. Another interesting composition is the medallion with the Medusa’s head in room nr. VI. It seems Medusa’s head similar to earlier examples was used here. Use of such mythological subjects and figures in Early Christian Period shows the influence of Ancient Art to Late Antiquity art. On dating these mosaics, instead of the structural features of the building, mosaics themselves give better clues. Similar compositions of the mosaic in room nr. II can be seen on the mosaics dated to V. century buildings. Scenes, motifs and figures from Antiquity are also used from III. century to VI. century on Christian Art. Compositions of geometric motifs are also used on Early Byzantium mosaics dated to V.-VI. century. In the light of all the data we have so far, six fragments of mosaics found in Milas should be dated to from V. century to the beginning of VI. centuryItem Open Access Erzincan Altıntepe church with mosaic(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2009) Can, BirolM.S. 6. yüzyıl ortalarına (imparator I. Justinianus dönemine) tarihli Altıntepe kilisesi, iç mekanı 19,60 x 11,30 m ölçülerinde, doğu-batı doğrultusunda uzanan 2 x 3 sütun dizimli, üç nefli ve bazilikal planlıdır. Doğu yönde yaklaşık 60 cm yükseklikte apsis platformu yer alır. Girişi olasılıkla kuzeydendir. Yaklaşık 220 m²lik alan kaplayan kilise iç zemini, güneydoğudaki pastaphorion hücresi dışında tamamen mozaiklerle döşenmiştir. Dikdörtgen panolarda, çeşitli geometrik ve bitkisel unsurun yanı sıra, dönem stilini yansıtan çok sayıda hayvan betimlemeleriyle de karşılaşılmaktadır. Zemin dışında, duvarların ve kemerlerin de mozaik ve duvar resimleriyle kaplı olduğu kalıntılardan anlaşılmaktadır. Zaman zaman onarımlar geçiren yapı MS. 7. yüzyılda Arap akınlarıyla yıkılmış, ancak kaledeki Bizans varlığı sone ermemiştir.