2022 Cilt 16 Sayı 46
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Item Open Access Influence of grafting on fruit quality traits in eggplant grafted onto solanum torvum and interspecific rootstocks(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-11-14) Gökseven, Ayhan; Akbudak, Nuray; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü.; 0000-0003-2669-5667The present use of grafted seedlings is dramatically increasing because of the intensive use of agricultural land, global warming, and environmental pollution. However, grafting of seedlings can cause changes in fruit appearance, earliness, and yield. This study aimed to determine the changes in fruit morphology depending on different rootstocks with new parameters and on different observation dates. Solanum melongena L. varieties Amadeo and BT Bıldırcın were used as scions. In addition, Solanum torvum Sw. (ST) variety Hawk and interspecific eggplant hybrid (IEH) variety Anafor were used as rootstocks. Our results showed that grafting had a positive effect on peduncle length, and time of physiological ripeness depending on the scion/rootstock combination. Grafting of both scions onto S. torvum had the highest increase in peduncle length. Additionally, the Amadeo/S. torvum combination reached physiological ripeness at the latest. However, grafting also had negative effects on fruit earliness and browning of pulp tissue depending on the scion/rootstock type combination. The S. torvum combination had delayed fruit earliness compared with the other rootstock combination and ungrafted plants. Meanwhile, the BT Bıldırcın/IEH combination had the most browning of the fruit pulp. Consequently, rootstocks can make the eggplant suitable for mechanical harvest by extending the fruit peduncle length.Item Open Access A survey about plain and apricot probiotic drinks in shelf life process by different microbiological parameters(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-10-28) Özüm, Özoğlu; Şaşmazer, Rukiye Çolak; Korukluoğlu, Mihriban; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0003-3600-142X; 0000-0003-3043-1904In recent years, people tend to consume probiotic products because of their health benefits. In accordance with this purpose, lots of different probiotic products, especially dairy products with or without various fruit contents are produced. Therefore, two commercial probiotic dairy drinks which were plain (PPD) and containing apricot (APD) and control group without any probiotic supplement were investigated in this study. For this aim, coliform (Klebsiella pneumonia (KPA12) as a test microorganism), total lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus, mould and yeast were enumerated and pH alterations were observed during to 21- day shelf life of the drinks. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus strain mix were used as probiotics. Then, KPA12 (6.08 log CFU/mL) was totally prevented at 15th, 16th and 19th days on PPD, APD and Control, respectively. In the meanwhile, any mould and yeast growth were not observed. Additionally, number of total lactic acid bacteria, L. acidophilus and bifidobacteria almost protected to their 7 log CFU/mL level. Similarly, any dramatic changes were not seen on pH levels that ranged 4.15-4.25 of the drinks during the storage.Item Open Access Physical and classification characteristics of soybean (Glycine max CV.) varieties(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-10-19) Gürcan, İsmail Safa; Erdoğan, Hilal; Halil, Ünal; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0002-0387-2600; 0000-0001-5830-2050In this study, physical and classification characteristics of 10 different soybean grains (Glycine max cv. A-3127, Ataem-7, Dery, Galina, Rubin, S-1, Umut-2002, Vojvodjanka, Yemsoy and Yeşilsoy) in storage moisture content were examined. These physical characteristics such as: average length, weight, thickness, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area, volume, weight of thousand grains, bulk and true densities, porosity, terminal velocity, rupture force and coefficient of static friction. Results showed that ‘Umut-2002’ variety had highest length (8.07 mm), width (7.00 mm) and heavy (205.2 mg) than the other varieties, while ‘Yeşilsoy’ variety had the highest thickness (5.80 mm) and the roundest (91.4%). The grain variety with the highest bulk density was identified as ‘Dery’. True density and porosity values were observed to be the highest grain variety ‘Ataem-7’. ‘Dery’ variety which is the highest terminal velocity and rupture force value among other varieties. The ‘Rubin’ variety has been found to have the highest static coefficient of friction on all surfaces among all other varieties. Used dendrogram from single linkage nearest neighbour agglomerative cluster analysis which groups ten soybean varieties. Four different clusters of soybean varieties were obtained. The ‘Ataem-7’ variety can be regarded as a separate species from the others.Item Open Access A study on drought analysis using time series, standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) in Bursa region(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-10-19) Uysal, Gülce Arıkan; Gündoğdu, Kemal Sulhi; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0002-5591-4788All agricultural activities are directly related to the climate. In recent years, temperature increases and changes in precipitation regimes adversely affect the Mediterranean Basin, including Türkiye. While increasing temperatures and irregular precipitation rise the need for irrigation in crop production in some regions, excessive and irregular rainfall in some areas seriously damages production. Nowadays, climate change has been accepted by many climate scientists as a problem that cannot be ignored. In our country, drought is one of the natural disasters that will affect agricultural production the most. In this study, a drought analysis was made for Bursa, one of Türkiye’s important cities in agricultural production. In addition, non-parametric Mann-Kendall and Sen's Trend Analyzes were conducted between 1990 - 2019 for precipitation and temperature values. According to the trend analysis results, statistically significant trends could not be reached in the precipitation data; increasing trends were observed in the temperature data. SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) and SPEI (Standardized Precipitation and Evapotanspiration Index) methods were used for drought analysis; although extreme values were reached for the years 1960 – 2019 due to both ways, it was determined that normal drought levels were dominant in general.Item Open Access The effect of plant density and irrigation regime on net income of sweet corn(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-09-23) Kuşçu, Hayrettin; Seçme, Halis; Chote, Barke Hussein; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0001-9600-7685; 0000-0002-4113-7180This study was conducted to determine the effect of two plant density (low: 57000 and high: 95000 plant ha-1 ) and three irrigation levels (all of the water evaporated from a class A pan (Epan): 3/3 Epan, 2/3 Epan, and 1/3 Epan) on the net income of sweet corn. Field experiments were carried out with the Challenger F1 sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) variety in Bursa conditions in the Marmara region of Turkey in 2017. As a result of study, the amount of irrigation water applied to the experimental treatments via a drip irrigation system varied between 148 and 444 mm. Relatively higher average fresh ear yield (20.76 t ha-1 ) was obtained at high plant density under different irrigation levels. On the other hand, the average yield of 3/3 Epan irrigation treatment (22.59 t ha-1 ) under different plant density was found to be statistically higher (P<0.05) compared to other irrigation levels. With the decrease in irrigation level, the fresh ear yield also decreased. The total production costs, including the application of water by drip irrigation system were determined to vary between 2743 and 3000 US$ ha-1 . The highest net income per unit area was obtained from the treatment 3/3 Epan irrigation at high plant density with 1846 US$ ha-1 , followed by the treatment 2/3 Epan. Net income per unit area at low plant density ranged from 350 to 1292 US$ ha-1 . The decrease in the irrigation level decreased the income per unit area. The net income values obtained in return for the unit irrigation water amount were determined as the lowest being 0.24 US$ m-3 for 1/3 Epan irrigation treatment and low plant density, while the highest was determined as 0.50 US$ m-3 for 2/3 Epan irrigation treatment and high plant density. According to the results obtained from the experiment, under 95000 plant ha-1 when there is a land restriction, the irrigation regime in which all the evaporated water from the A class pan is taken as a reference, and in the areas with irrigation water restriction, 2/3 Epan irrigation regime can be recommended.