2012 Cilt 6 Sayı 17
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Item Open Access The effects of substrate and cultivar in quality of strawberry(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Ameri, Atefe; Tehranifar, Ali; Davarynejad, Gholam Hossein; Shoor, MahmoudThe investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of substrate and cultivar on biochemical characteristics of strawberry in soilless culture system. The experiment was conducted in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete design with four replications. Experimental treatments consisted of three strawberry cultivars (Camarosa, Mrak, and Selva) and six substrates (Rice hull, Sycamore pruning waste, Cocopeat + Perlite (50:50), Vermicomposts + Perlite + Cocopeat (5:45:50), (15:40:45), (25:35:40). Results of this experiment showed that the highest percentage of malformed fruits was observed in Selva cultivar in Rice hull (48.46%) and Camarosa cultivar in vermicompost + perlite + cocopeat (25:35:40) (48.46%), the highest of total anthocyanin content in Camarosa in vermicompost + perlite + cocopeat (15:40:45) (222.65 mg/100g), the highest of antioxidant in Camarosa and Mrak cultivars in substrates of Sycamore pruning waste and cocopeat + perlite (50:50) respectively (58.76% and 62% respectively), the highest of TSS in Selva in vermicompost + perlite + cocopeat (5:45:50) (8.66), the highest of Vitamin C in Selva in vermicompost + perlite + cocopeat (15:40:45) (108.05 mg/ 100cc), the highest of TA in Camarosa in vermicompost + perlite + cocopeat (5:45:50) (2.87 mg/100g). Response of each cultivar was different in each substrate. Therefore, the substrate affects on quality of fruit in strawberry and suitable choice of substrate is caused to production of desirable fruit.Item Open Access Carnation etched ring virus elimination through shoot tip culture(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Ashnayi, Mahnaz; Kharrazi, Mahdiyeh; Sharifi, Ahmad; Mehrvar, MohsenCarnation etched ring virus (CERV) is the second most destructive virus which infects carnation and the only DNA virus among infecting viruses of carnation. In symptomatic leaves of carnation consist of mottling, necrotic and chlorotic flecks or blotches. Virus was detected by DAS-ELISA and PCR. Treatments consisted of different sizes of meristem and MS medium supplemented with different plant growth regulators (PGRS) (0.5 mg/l benzyl adenine (BA), 0.5 mg/l gibberellic acid (GA3) and medium without PGRS.). The plantlets were analysed by PCR in order to evaluate virus eradication. Results of PCR in vitro culture revealed that explant size and type of PGRS had a significant effect on elimination of CERV and the highest amount of it (100%) was observed on medium containing BA in meristem size of 0.4, 0.7 mm and the lowest amount of it (26%) was occurred on medium supplemented with GA3 in meristem size of 1mm. So far, there is no reporting about influence of PGRS on elimination of viruses.Item Open Access Impact of silicon on decreasing of salinity stress in greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in soilless culture(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Amirossadat, Zahra; Ghehsareh, Ahmad Mohammadi; Mojiri, AminSalinity is one of the environmental threats to agriculture. A study was carried out to investigate impact of silicon on decreasing of salinity stress in greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in soilless culture. Seeds of cucumber were sown in polystyrene boxes with a substrate composed of 50% peat and 50% perlite. After 40 days (after germination), seedlings were transferred to plastic containers with 17 liter volumes. Five levels of silicon by sodium silicate (NaSiO3) were considered including 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg.L-1 using sodium silicate in nutrient solution. Salinity levels in the final nutrient solution were considered including 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 (dS.m-1) using sodium chloride. After five weeks, samples were taken for testing. Maximum plant height, wet weight, dry weight (cm) and total chlorophyll (mg/g fresh weight) equal to 82.6, 333.4, 44.7 and 14.700 were recorded in No. 3 (EC=2.5 dS.m-1 and Si= 50 mg.L-1), 1 (EC= 2.5 dS.m-1 and Si=0 mg.L-1), 5 (EC=2.5 dS.m-1 and Si= 100 mg.L-1) and 2 (EC=2.5 dS.m-1 and Si= 25 mg.L-1), respectively. Minimum plant height, wet weight, dry weight (cm) and total chlorophyll (mg/g fresh weight) equal to 62.3, 281.7, 26.2 and 8.22 were recorded in No. 7 (EC=3.5 dS.m-1 and Si= 25 mg.L-1), 8 (EC=3.5 dS.m-1 and Si= 50 mg.L-1), 12 (EC=4.5 dS.m-1 and Si= 25 mg.L-1) and 7, respectively. The evidences provided by this experiment indicated that silicate has increased resistance of plant against salinity. Silicate caused an increase of chlorophyll content but it caused a decrease of plant height.Item Open Access Selection of a the best suitable thin-layer drying mathematical model for vacuum dried red chili pepper(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Alibas, Ilknur; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü.Red Chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) with 50 (±0.02) g weight and 6.12 ± (0.02) humidity on dry basis were dried in vacuum oven using combined 2 different temperature (50 - 75°C) and 3 different pressure (0.05, 7 and 13 kPa) until the humidity fell down to 0.16 ± (0.01) on dry basis. Vacuum drying processes were completed between 3 and 19.17 h. In this study, measured values were compared with predicted values obtained from twenty one thin layer drying theoretical/semi-empirical/empirical equations. Models whose coefficient of correlation (R2 ) values are highest were chosen to be the best models. According to this, the best models of combined 50°C temperature with vacuum levels (0.05, 7 and 13 kPa) was found to be “Modified Henderson & Pabis” Model, combined 75°C temperature with vacuum levels (0.05, 7 and 13 kPa) was found to be “Alibas” Model.Item Open Access In vitro micropropagation of olive (Olea europaea L.) ‘Mission’ by nodal segments(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Rostami, Ahmad Ali; Shahsavar, AliOlive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars are mainly propagated by hardwood cuttings under mist unit of greenhouses. Such techniques are time consuming, laborious and have limited efficiency. In vitro propagation methods may be a good alternative for propagation of olive cultivars. Current study was conducted to establish a successful and high efficient method for micropropagation of olive ‘Mission’ via nodal segments. Results of this study showed that production of phenolic compounds and necrosis of explants may be controlled by submersing the explants in a mixture of 100 mg L-1 citric acid and ascorbic acid for 30 minutes, after submersion in water for 2 hours. The best proliferation rate and growth obtained in the presence of benzyladenine and gibberellic acid at the rate of 2.1, 2.08, and 0.6 mg L-1, respectively. Proliferated explants rooted on MS/2 supplemented with 4 mg L-1 indolbutyric acid. Rooted explants adapted to outdoor condition by placing them under ordinary mist/cooling unit system of a greenhouse. The method described in this study is suitable for bulk propagation of olive ‘Mission’ in a period of three to four months; however the applicability of the method should be evaluated for other olive cultivars.Item Open Access Effect of essential oils on postharvest decay and some quality factors of peach (Prunus persica var. Redhaven )(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Mohammadi, Samane; Aminifard, Mohammad HosseinThe aim of the study was to determine the antifungal effects of the essential oils against fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea the causal agent of grey mould disease of peach (Prunus persica L.) under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Treatments consisted of four essential oils (anise, ammi, ziziphora and cinnamon) and five concentrations (0, 200, 400, 600 and 800 μL.L-1).Results of in vitro experiment showed that all of used essential oils at all applied concentrations inhibited grey mould growth. All of these essential oils in concentration 800 μL.L-1 were without germination spores of grey mould. The essential oils application significantly decreased weight loss percentage and increased life storage fruits. Also, essential oils positively affected on postharvest quality factors including total soluble solids, titrable acidity, anthocyanin, carbohydrate content and pH value. It was observed that treated fruits with ammi essential oil at concentration 800 µL.L-1had the highest total soluble solids; titrable acidity, anthocyanin, and carbohydrate content and it had the lowest decay and acidity. Thus, these results showed that essential oils have strong impact on postharvest decay and fruit quality of peach.Item Open Access Growth and development of Lolium perenne L. ‘Barbal’in response to different concentrations of paclobutrazol(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Nazari, Farzad; Javadi, TaimoorIt is nowadays possible to use chemical substances to retard lawns growth and it is called chemical mowing. This research was carried out to investigate this issue at College of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with 4 treatments along with control and 4 replications. The seeds of Lolium perenne L. were first scarified by soaking them in 50 % sulfuric acid at half an hour and then after rinsing in water and finally the seeds were put in 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg.L-1paclobutrazol solution and shacked for 24 h. In the control treatment seeds soaked in distillated water. The seeds were then sown in pots containing soil mixture. After seed emergence and several mowing, data recording was made. The results of this study indicated that with increasing in paclobutrazol concentration, clipping fresh and dry weight, verdure and root and also seed germination were reduced and visual quality was relatively increased. Thus, due to the adverse effects of high concentration the optimal concentration (20-40 mg.L-1) of paclobutrazol may be recommended used as a growth retardant in lawn management.Item Open Access Adiponectin and its protective effects(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Guzel, Saime; Yalcin, Abdullah; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi.Adiponectin (also referred to as GBP-28, apM1, AdipoQ and Acrp30) is one of the adipocytokines that is secreted by the white adipose tissue and is an important regulator of lipid and glucose metabolism. It is an insulin-sensitizing hormone with anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic and anti-proliferative properties. It was demonstrated that decreased serum adiponectin levels are associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, hypoadiponectinemia was shown to be associated with coronary artery disease. Several authors point out that high levels of circulating adiponectin reduce risk of coronary heart disease among type 2 diabetes patients. Adiponectin has also been shown to play an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Adiponectin, via its cognate receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, inhibits cancer cell proliferation in vitro and supressess obesity-associated tumor growth in vivo (e.g. colorectal, gastric, liver, and breast cancer). Therefore, potential diagnostic and therapeutic usage of adiponectin has been subject of an increasing interest in recent years.Item Open Access The estimate of combining ability and heterosis for yield and yield components in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Farzane, Akram; Nemati, Hossein; Arouiee, Hossein; Kakhki, Amin Mirshamsi; Vahdati, NavidA study was conducted on a 10×10 diallel cross set of tomato including reciprocals to find out the extent of heterosis, combining ability for yield per plant (kg) and yield components (number of fruits per plant, individual fruit weight (g)) and locule number. Significant differences among genotypes were obtained for all of traits. The variances for general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant indicating the presence of additive as well as non-additive gene effects except the number of fruits per plant and relative magnitude of these variances indicated that additive gene effects were more prominent for all of the traits. The tomato genotype Mb3 proved to be the best general combiner for yield and number of fruits per plant.Item Open Access Disinfecting effects of nano silver fluids in gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) capitulum tissue culture(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Fakhrfeshani, Masoud; Bagheri, Abdolreza; Sharifi, AhmadMicrobial contamination is one of the most important problems in plant tissue culture and various methods are employed to reduce it. Microbial contamination is an important barrier in the development of Gerbera tissue culture and micropropagation procedure even after disinfecting with normal methods. In this experiment the antifungal and antibacterial activity of nano-silver fluids was investigated in gerbera tissue culture and the effects of four different nano-silver concentration (25, 50, 100 and 200mg L-1) in four soaking time of explants (15, 30, 60 and 180 min) were compared with two control treatments that included disinfecting explants with soaking them in Sodium Hypochlorite and Sodium Hypochlorite followed by Mercury Chloride aqueous solution. The explants were cultured on dedicated MS medium to evaluate the effects of NS on viability and other apparent properties. The analysis of variance resulted that there are significant differences in contamination rate, both among treatments and between control and treatments. The 200 mg L-1 nano-silver solution had successfully controlled bacterial and fungal contamination and had no undesired effects on regeneration of plantlets. According to reports on high levels of contamination in Gerbera tissue culture and also the hazardous environmental effects of mercury chloride, so nano-silver solution can be used as a low risk fungicide and bactericide in Gerbera capitulum tissue culture.Item Open Access Shellfish poisoning and toxins(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Cetinkaya, Figen; Mus, Tulay Elal; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Besin Hijyeni ve Teknolojisi Anabilim Dalı.Shellfish toxins are the most dangerous marine biotoxins, and produced by free living micro-algae. Shellfish toxins are concentrated in flesh, and poisoning occurs when these contaminated shellfish is consumed. They can cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP), amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) and azaspiracid shellfish poisoning (AZP), responsible for a variety of gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms in consumers. This article reviews the main types of marine toxins associated with shellfish poisoning and their toxic effects, the limitations of current regulations on marine biotoxins and the techniques used for their detection to ensuring the safety of shellfish for human consumption.Item Open Access Evaluation the potential of Nano silver for removal of bacterial contaminants in valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) tissue culture(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Abdi, GholamrezaAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of nano silver to remove bacterial contaminants of valerian tissue culture. Treatments were using nano silver at two stages (before and after surface sterilization along with control) with three rates (30, 60 and 120 mg l-1) at three times of soaking (30, 60 and 180 min). Nodal explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentration of Kinetin (0, 2, 4 and 5 mg l-1) and 0.1 and 0.2 mg l-1 of NAA. Optimum result for plant regeneration was obtained in media containing 4 mg l-1 Kin and 0.2 mg l-1 NAA. Results showed that using 120 mg l-1 of nano silver solution after surface sterilization resulted in the highest percentage (89%) of disinfected explants. Nano silver solution did not affect the characters measured. On the basis of the data obtained in this experiment, it was concluded that nano silver had a good potential for removing of bacterial contaminants in plant tissue culture procedures. As this is the first report on application of nano silver in in vitro culture techniques, further investigations on other plant species are needed to clarify the effectiveness of nano silver for removal of bacterial contaminants in tissue culture of other crops.Item Open Access Effects of cowpea living mulch on weed control and maize yield(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Talebbeigi, Reza Moradi; Ghadiri, HosseinField experiments were conducted in 2009 and 2010 in research station of college of agriculture, Shiraz University of Iran, to evaluate the effects of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) living mulch on weed suppression, maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield and yield components. Treatments were cowpea living mulch densities (7, 15, 22 and 30 plants m-2), suppression periods of cowpea growth with 2,4-D (30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after maize planting), and two control treatments, a weed free and a weedy check. Results of both years showed that cowpea densities significantly controlled weeds. The lowest weeds biomass and the highest maize grain yield were obtained from 30 and 22 plants m-2 of cowpea living mulch density, respectively. In both years, the lowest weeds biomass and the highest maize grain yield, in comparison to the weedy check, were obtained when cowpea growth was terminated 90 and 75 days after maize planting, respectively. It is concluded that, to achieve the highest maize grain yield and yield components and to suppress the weeds, cowpea living mulch at 22 plants m-2 and suppression period of cowpea at 75 days after maize planting, is recommended as a step toward sustainable agriculture.Item Open Access Relationship between growth of atriplex species and some soil properties in Khoor (Iran)(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Poodeh, Hedayat Dehghani; Mojiri, AminAtriplex species are planted in the desert area of central of Iran for prevent the spread of blowing sand. Atriplex species have tremendous ability to grow in saline conditions. The study was carried out to investigate the effects of soil properties on growth of Atriplex species in Khoor plain (Iran). Khoor plain is in Naeen area and is located in the Eastern of Isfahan province (the center of Iran). Soil properties such as electrical conductivity (EC), soil reaction (pH), the percentage of clay and sand, the percentage of calcium carbonate and gypsum, sodium ions, chloride ions, potassium, phosphorus and total nitrogen were measured. Atriplex physiological parameters including height and top were measured. The evidences provided by this experiment that the soil EC, pH, sodium ions, chloride ions and the percentage of clay had negative effects on Atriplex physiological parameters but the percentage of sand and calcium carbonate had positive effects on Atriplex physiological parameters. The percentage of gypsum, potassium and total nitrogen did not have significant effects on plant physiological parameters.