2012 Cilt 6 Sayı 16
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Item Open Access The influence of urea, boric acid and zinc sulphate on vegetative traits of olive(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Amin, Pegah Sayyad; Shahsavar, AliIn calcorous soils of Iran, dissolving of nutrient elements especially micronutrients were slow. The objective of this project was to estimate the effect of foliar application of boric acid, zinc sulphate (0, 2000 and 4000 mgL-1) and urea (0, 5000 and 7500 mgL-1) on vegetative traits of olive. Results showed that in first year, the most fresh and dry leaf weight were seen in 2000 boric acid plus urea at 5000 mgL-1. The most leaf area and chlorophyll were observed in boric acid and zinc sulphate at 4000 mgL-1 alone and boric acid at 2000 plus urea at 7500 mgL-1, respectively. In second year, the highest shoot length was seen in zinc sulphate at 4000+boric acid at 2000 plus urea at 5000 mgL-1. The highest no of nodes and leaf area was observed in zinc sulphate at 2000 with boric acid at 4000 mgL-1.Item Open Access Comparative study on the acute toxicity of synthetic pesticides, permethrin 25 and monocrotophos 36, and neem-based pesticide, neem gold ec 0.03, to juvenile cyprinus carpio linn(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Davoodi, Reza; Abdi, GholamrezaFish and other organisms are affected by pesticides which pollute the natural water through agricultural runoff. The aim of this study was to determine the acute toxicity of botanical pesticide, neem gold, and two synthetic pesticides, permethrin and monocrotophos, which are extensively used in agricultural farms. The mortality rate of Cyprinus carpio was monitored under laboratory conditions for the periods of 96 hrs. The toxicity tests were done separately for each pesticide. Data obtained from the toxicity tests were evaluated using the Probit Analysis Statistical Method. The toxicity tests gave 96 hours LC50 values of 75.49, 72.26, 56.89 mg/l for neem gold, monocrotophos and permethrin respectively. The fish exhibited respiratory distress (such as gasping air), loss of balance and erratic swimming prior to mortality. It could be concluded that the application of neem gold bio-pesticides for the control of unwanted organisms in agricultural farms are much safer and more environmental friendly than synthetic pesticides.Item Open Access Growth and cell morphology of listeria monocytogenes as affected by various concentrations of NaCl and KCl(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Zarei, Mehdi; Borujeni, Mahdi Pourmahdi; Khezrzadeh, Marjan; Kazemipour, Samaneh; Hesami, Golnaz; Bemani, EffatIn this study, the effects of various concentrations of NaCl and KCl on the growth characteristics and cell morphology of L. monocytogenes were evaluated. It was found that L. monocytogenes can grow in the presence of 1-9 % NaCl and 1-11 % KCl. The higher the concentration of NaCl used, the longer the lag phase induced. In addition, it was observed that L. monocytogenes tolerate KCl better than NaCl when using the same percents in broth. Microscopic analyses of L. monocytogenes following incubation revealed cell elongation under high salt conditions. The beginning of filament formation was apparent at 5 % NaCl and 7% KCl with an increase in filament length with increasing salt concentration.Item Open Access Chemical control of downy brome, littleseed canarygrass and green foxtail in rapeseed in southern ıran(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Valaie, Niusha; Kazemeini, Seyed Abdolreza; Hamzehzarghani, HabiballahIn order to investigate the effect of herbicide and choice of adjuvant on three grass weed species; downy brome (Bromus tectorum), littleseed canarygrass (Phalaris minor) and green foxtail (Setaria viridis); a greenhouse study was conducted in a factorial experiment laid out in randomized complete block design. Treatments included herbicide at five levels (propaquizafop, fluazifop-p-butyl, cycloxydim, sethoxydim and quizalofop-p-ethyl) each applied at two concentrations and either with/without adjuvant (volck or citoweet). The performance of herbicides and adjuvants was evaluated by rating the effect of treatment on an ordinal scale in each experimental unit at 10 and 20 days after planting (DAP). The results showed that herbicide efficiency rating distributions were significantly different between two times (10 and 20 DPA). Application of quizalofop-p-ethyl and propaquizafop were recorded as the best herbicide treatments in controlling the weeds used in this study 10DAP, however the difference between herbicides faded at 20 DAP. Also, no significant effect was found for concentration of herbicides and type of adjuvant. In addition, 30 days after herbicide application, maximum dry weight and leaf area of canola was recorded for cycloxydim, propaquizafop and quizalofop-pethyl, respectively whereas minimum dry weight and leaf area of canola was observed in pots sprayed with sethoxydim and fluazifop-p-butyl respectively.Item Open Access The effect of N-Sİ on tomato seed germination under salinity levels(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Haghighi, Maryam; Afifipour, Zahra; Mozafarian, MaryamA study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Nano-Silicon (N-Si) for ameliorating negative effects of salinity on germination and growth of tomato seeds. N-Si at 2 concentrations (1 and 2 mM) and NaCl (1 and 2 mM) was studied on tomato seed germination. Germination characteristics such as germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), shoot and root of seedling length, fresh and dry weight of seedlings and mean germination time (MGT) were measured. Results showed the great effects of N-Si to improve salinity stress on tomato seed germination. One mM N-Si under 25 mM showed the great enhancement on germination characteristics such as germination rate, root length and dry weight. On the other hand, 2mM N-Si under 50 mM NaCl, results showed reduction on germination properties.Item Open Access Determination of compounds existing in fruits of three pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars in Kerman province(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Mahmoodabadi, Soheila Koorepaz; Panahi, Bahman; Agharahimi, Jaber; Salajegheh, FereshtehThis study aimed to determine the compounds existing in three pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars including Ohadi, Mumtaz and Ahmad Aghaei that have been cultivated in Kerman region. The amount and type of fatty acids, amount of protein, amount and type of amino acids, amount of sugar and moisture and mineral elements (copper, zinc, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and phosphorus) were measured. According to the obtained results the amount of oil in cultivars under study was 54.93% – 55.4% and the highest rate of fatty acids was related to Oleic acid (60.2% – 64.8%). Amount of protein and moisture, was determined 18.81% – 19.31% and 31.1% – 34.00%, respectively. The highest amount of sugar (6.1%) was observed in Ohadi cultivar. There was a significant difference in cultivars' amount of amino acids including Glycine, Tyrosine, Alanine, α – Aminobutric acid, Valine and Isoleucine and also mineral elements including copper, zinc, magnesium, potassium and phosphorus had significant difference.Item Open Access Population of modiolus spp. in the ıntertidal rocky coastline of pudhumadam, gulf of mannar(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Palanikumar, Loganathan; Rajee, Madasamy; Kumaraguru, Arumugam KuppusamyThe Gulf of Mannar falls in the Indo-Pacific region, considered to be one of world's richest marine biological resource regions. This is considered a hyper fragile environment, inhabiting all types of flora and fauna. Intertidal rocky coastlines are heterogeneous environments that support a wide variety of living forms. In these systems, organisms are distributed in a particular way, occurring at specific levels along the vertical axis, from the lower to the upper shore. Pudhumadam are the distinguished area of intertidal rocky shorelines in the Gulf of Mannar. Horse mussel Modiolus spp. belongs to the family Mytilidae. Studies on the distribution of individual numbers of Modiolus spp. in the intertidal rocky shore regions of Pudhumadam coast (Lat 09º16.26' N and Lon 94º12.88' E) near the Ramanathapuram district were carried out from August to October period in 2009 and 2010. Sampling plots were laid in 5 sites at an interval of 200 meters in 1 kilometer stretch of the coast using 1m2 quadrate method and mean (± SD) number of Modiolus spp. was estimated at 1356.45 and 1368.63 in 2009 and 2010 respectively. 0.12% increase was noted during 2010 when compared from 2009.Item Open Access Characterization of Pseudomonas spp. from seawater of the southwest coast of Turkey(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Uğur, Aysel; Ceylan, Özgür; Aslım, BelmaIn this work, 46 gram negative bacteria isolated from the seawater on the southwest coast of Turkey. These isolates were identified as 20 Pseudomonas spp., 15 Aeromonas spp., 8 Chryseomonas spp., 2 Burkholderia spp. and 1 Vibrio spp. by biochemical and conventional methods. And then study was continued for the 20 Pseudomonas isolates. Species identification of these isolates were made by means of API 20 NE. Enzymatic activities of these strains were determined by API ZYM. The strains were further characterized by Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole-cell proteins and 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. According to the results obtained by phenotypic methods; the 20 isolates were identified as 6 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 7 P.fluorescens, 3 P.putida, 2 P.stutzeri, 1 P.mendocina and 1 P.alcaligenes. The results of protein profiles and 16S rDNA sequence correlated well with phenotypic classification for P.aeruginosa, P.putida, P.stutzeri and P.mendocina strains. Good overall agreement between phenotypic and genotypic identification procedures was found for the 17 Pseudomonas spp. But discordance of identification between phenotypic methods and 16S rDNA sequence analysis was observed for two P. fluorescens (P 5-4 and P 9-2). Indeed these isolates were genotypically identified as P.putida. One strain (P 4-3), identified as, P.alcaligenes based on phenotypic characters, were identified as P.pseudoalcaligenes by 16S rDNA sequencing. These results indicate that the procedures for the identification of Pseudomonas spp. based on phenotypic characteristics should be additionally verified by the molecular methods to obtain results that are meaningful as well as accurate.Item Open Access Effect of humic acid on nutrient uptake and physiological characteristic fragaria ananassa var: Camarosa(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Ameri, Atefe; Tehranifar, AliThe investigation was carried out for evaluation effects of humic acid fertilizer on nutrient uptake (N, P, and K) and physiological characteristics of Fragaria ananassa var: Camarosa. Experiment treatments included different concentration of humic acid (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 ppm) with two methods of application (fertigation and spray). Result of experiment showed that there is highest amount of N in fertigation in concentration of 20 ppm and there are highest of Phosphorus, potassium and amount of assimilation in concentration of 10 ppm. In spray method there are highest amount of N and chlorophyll in concentrations of 10 and 20 ppm and there is potassium in concentration of 10 ppm.Item Open Access Weed control and grain yield response to nitrogen management and herbicides(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Najafi, Batool; Ghadiri, HosseinIn order to investigate the effect of herbicides application and nitrogen (N) levels on weed control and grain yield of corn, two field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2008. The treatments consisted of four levels of 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg N P ha-1 as main plots and herbicides including atrazine plus alachlor at 1+2.44 and 1.92+1.5, 2, 4-D plus MCPA at 0.36+0.31 and 0.54+0.46, rimsulfuron at 0.02 and 0.04 and foramsulfuron at 0.03 and 0.06 kg a.i. P ha-1 were the sub factors. A weed-free and a weedy check were also included. The results revealed that increased levels of applied nitrogen tended to enhance the total weed biomass significantly. Foramsulfuron controlled field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) effectively in both years. Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) was satisfactorily controlled by foramsulfuron in both years. Rimsulfuron and 2,4-D plus MCPA had the highest redroot pigweed dry weight and controlled chinese-lantern-plant (Physalis alkekengii L.) less effectively compared with field bindweed and redroot pigweed. Addition of N increased the competitive ability of corn against weeds and resulted in higher grain yield. Foramsulfuron controlled weeds effectively and caused significant increase in corn grain yield between 44 and 66% higher than weedy check in both years.Item Open Access Influence of foliar application of volk oil, dormex, gibberellic acid and potassium nitrate on vegetative growth and reproductive characteristics of strawberry cv. ‘Merak’(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Eshghi, Saied; Safizadeh, Mohammad Reza; Jamali, Babak; Sarseifi, MohammadApplication of chemicals for strawberry forcing or production in subtropical regions in autumn or winter months, inside or outside of greenhouse has been reported as a successful method. Present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of Volk oil (2.5, 5%), Dormex (0.5, 1%), GA3 (50, 100 mg. L-1) and KNO3 on vegetative and reproductive growth of strawberry cv. ‘Merak’ in subtropic conditions of Darab city in Fars province of Iran. Dormant young rooted daughter plants were potted in 3L plastic pots and after 2 weeks of establishment period the treatments were applied and then plants were grown for 3.5 months in outside conditions. Results indicated that KNO3 caused augmentation of leaf surface area, roots length, number of flowers and inflorescences. Also Dormex at 1% concentration increased flowering period and decreased number of runners. Volk oil at both concentrations improved roots length and number of achenes in primary and secondary fruits. Conclusion showed that the mentioned materials could have impact on vegetative and reproductive growth of strawberry generally. In this study KNO3 resulted in best and maximum effects on plant growth.Item Open Access Effect of split nitrogen fertilization and herbicide application on soil weed seed bank in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) rotation(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Sheibani, Sahar; Ghadiri, HosseinIn order to investigate the effects of nitrogen splitting and herbicide application on soil weed seed bank in a wheat and oilseed rape rotation, a field experiment was conducted in research station of the School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran in 2005-6 and 2006-7. Results suggested that at 304 kg urea ha-1 when half of it was applied through sowing stage of wheat and oilseed rape and the other half applied at tillering stage of wheat and the end of rosette stage of oilseed rape grain and biological yield enhanced substantially in wheat and oilseed rape. Presence of weeds in weedy checks plot increased biological yield 57% in wheat, 142% in oilseed rape. On the other hand, it reduced wheat grain yield 53% and oilseed rape grain yield 65% comparing with weed free plots. Results indicate that herbicides application enhanced grain yield 88% in wheat, 63% in oilseed rape. However, it decreased weeds’ dry weight 58% in wheat and 78% in oilseed rape when it compared with weedy checks plot. Furthermore, iodosulfuron–methyl– sodium plus mesosulfuron–methyl–sodium in wheat reduced the annual rising of the soil weed seed bank 53% in 0-15cm and 71% in 15-30cm depth, while haloxyfop-(R)-methylester in oilseed rape decreased it 43% in 0-15cm and 40% in 15-30cm depth.Item Open Access Differential effects of agricultural pesticides endosulfan and tebuconazole on photosynthetic pigments, metabolism and assimilating enzymes of three heterotrophic, filamentous cyanobacteria(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Kumar, Nirmal; Bora, Anubhuti; Kumar, Rita; Amb, Manmeet KaurCyanobacteria are present abundantly in rice fields and are important in helping to maintain rice field fertility through nitrogen fixation. Application of agricultural pesticides for improving crop productivity has become necessary in the present day agricultural practices. This has resulted in either stimulatory or inhibitory effects on the soil microflora including nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. The response of three nitrogen fixing cyanobacterial species to two pesticides (Endosulfan, an insecticide and Tebuconazole, a fungicide) was hence selected. A tremendous reduction in the photosynthetic pigments, metabolic as well as enzymatic activities of all the three organisms in response to the pesticides was recorded after sixteen days. All the pigments, metabolites and enzymatic activities of Anaabena fertilissima, Aulosira fertilissima and Westillopsis prolifica were dropped by between 59 to 96% upon various doses of pesticide treatments. The results showed that An.fertilissima was more tolerant to both the pesticides, whereas between the two tested pesticides, Tebuconazole found higher toxicity to Aul. fertilissima and W. prolifica.Item Open Access Yield and energy requirement of durum wheat under no-tillage and conventional tillage in the mediterranean climate(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Khaledian, Mohammadreza; Mailhol, Jean-Claude; Ruelle, PierreA key principle of no-tillage (NT) system is the retention of crop residues on the soil surface to preserve soil water for crop growth. In response to the negative impact of soil degradation processes under conventional tillage (CT) systems that are based on soil tillage, NT systems without tillage practices and with protective cover of crop residue are being developed in many parts of the world. Apart from the positive effects on soil conservation and sustained land productivity, another major impact of NT is decreasing labor costs, generally leading to higher income and a better standard of living for the farmers. However NT is a successful system especially in the South of America, but the impacts of this system in the Mediterranean climate especially in the south of France is less well known; so that this study has been carried out within the scope of a European project. Durum wheat was sown for two years under two tillage treatments i.e. CT and NT. Time requirement and fuel consumption in these two systems were measured. The results show that the crop production is higher in CT system, while work duration and energy requirement is lower in NT system.Item Open Access Determination of vacuum and air drying characteristics of celeriac slices(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Alibaş, İlknur; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü.Celeriac slices (Apium graveolens L. var. rapaceum) weighing 100 g with moisture of 14.39 on a dry basis (kg[H2O].kg-1[DM]) were dried using vacuum drying. Drying was continued until leaf moisture fell to 0.1 on a dry basis (kg[H2O].kg-1[DM]). Six different pressures (0.1, 3, 7, 10, 13 and 17 kPa) and three different temperatures (55, 65, and 75°C) were used in the vacuum drying process. Air drying experiments were carried out at three different temperatures, 55, 65, and 75°C. In this study, measured values were compared with predicted values obtained from Page’s semi-empirical equation. The drying periods lasted 70-300 and 220-340 minutes for vacuum and air drying, respectively. Energy consumption was 1.01-2.00 and 0.84 -1.07 kWh for vacuum and air drying, respectively. Vacuum drying at 0.1 kPa and 75°C provided the optimal results with respect to drying period, colour, and energy consumption.Item Open Access Effects of exposure to 50 hz electromagnetic fields during ıncubation on some of serum biochemical measures in newly-hatched chicks(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Lotfi, Alireza; Shahryar, Habib Aghdam; Rad, Mohammad NarimaniThe aim of present study was to determine the effect of intermitted exposure to 50 Hz, 0.5 mT electromagnetic fields (EMF) during different periods of incubation on serum biochemical parameters (glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, uric acid and iron concentration) in newly-hatched chicks. Experimental groups were: group 1 (control), with normal incubation process and without any exposing to EMF; group 2 included eggs exposed to 50Hz, 0.5 mT EMF, 2 h daily for 0-7 day of incubation; group 3 included eggs exposed for 2 h daily from day-8 to -14 of incubation; group 4; included eggs exposed from day-15 to -21 of incubation, and group 5 included eggs exposed from day-1 to -21 of incubation (whole incubation period). Incubation condition with exception to EMF exposing, was similar for all groups. At EMF exposure time, eggs were transferred to EMF emitter set and after exposure time, eggs were transferred to their rows (setter). Blood samples obtained from newly hatched chicks were analyzed. exposure to EMF: 50 Hz, 0.5 mT during embryonic life didn’t has considerable effect on total cholesterol, triglyceride, uric acid and Fe of newly hatched chicks. In present study, the only measure with significant changes was glucose concentration that had difference between group4 or 5 (exposed at 3rd or whole incubation period) and control group (P<0.05). It was concluded that exposure to EMF: 50 Hz, 0.5 mT during incubation with exception to glucose declining at late embryonic life (exposure at 3rd week), didn’t has any significant effect on plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, iron or uric acid in hatched chicks.