2008 Bahar Sayı 10
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Item Open Access Multi-perception of the enlightenment thinking in nineteenth century Turkey(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Mermutlu, Bedri; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi/Sosyoloji Bölümü.It could be observed from the early 19th century that a new perspective began to form gradually in the political life of the Ottomans on politicallegal basis. This change that was consciously initiated by Mahmud ll proved to be decisive with the declaration of the Imperial Edict of Reforms. Following the statesmen's approach to the Enlightenment State Philosophy and from the second half of the 19th century onwards views began to be developed by intellectuals in this direction as well. As a matter of fact, beginning with Şinasi , Ali Suavi, Namık Kemal, Munif Pasha and Ahmed Midhat Effendi are of the leading figures that developed the Enlightenment Movement in Turkey. On the other hand, although the aforesaid names united on the same basis, they approached the Enlightenment Thinking in different methods and contexts.Item Open Access Gezek tradition in Bursa and its historical background(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Ercan, Özlem; Düzbakar, Ömer; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi/Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Eğitim Fakültesi/İlköğretim Bölümü.Gezek, which is a foundation of music and solidarity founded at Turkey's fıfth largest county many centuries ago, affording to exist with musical elements intact nowadays. Gezek, is a musical activity carried out by gathering at the homes of the members per week. The foundation, which has benefits such as keeping Turkish Art Music (Türk Sanat Müziği) alive, doing its performing and raising musicians of this genre, is also helping the cooperation between members and people who require support. Gezek, which is not solely an amusement culture, is a solidarity foundation that helps orphans and to who are in need of money. When we analyse some of the traditional values of it, we understand that it's a very old custom. When we analyse some of the traditional values of it, we understand that it's a very old custom. In this study, starting from the similar aspects of Gezek and guilds and akhis which are the institutions embellished by Ottoman characteristics, will be introduced. Firstly, some general information about akhis and lonca is given. Membership conditions and properties of Inner Gezek and Outer Gezek properties has been determined and reached at the fırst place. Information on Gezek's various activities, such as foods that have been treated and games that have been played were tried to be given. The purpose of the practice is to exhibit Gezek's, the foundation which has members from all social layers, activities in Bursa, the 5th largest county of Turkey.Item Open Access The image of the Turkish women in orientalists' travelbooks from the "others" point of view(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Düzbakar, Ömer; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Eğitim Fakültesi/İlköğretim Bölümü.Social prejudices are generally effective at the perception of an alien culture. It's believed that the domestic culture is superior. According to the most of the orientalists there are two basic differences between the West and the East. The fırst one is that the East is the home of venery; the other aspect is the barbarism of the East. In travelbooks written by European sojourners the Ottoman country is represented like the countries in Elf Leile ve Leile. The major theme of many works and travelbooks written by Europeans about the East is the erotic image and queer sexuality of the East. According to European travellers, Eastern women are enticing, mysterious, and deceptive. They represent the woman as a "source of venery" and not as the number of a family. After a brief discussion about the historical and scholarly value of travelbooks, the orientalists' views on the Eastern women especially the Turkish women are analyzed in this study.Item Open Access My experience and observations in philosophy as an "unrelated person before"(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Bayer, Tuncay; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi.The aim of this study is to share with the readers my impressions which I obtained during the philosophical conference I attended as person who is not interested professionally with philosophy. The writing in which I want to put forth how the philosophical reflection differs from daily thinking, there is also made an inquiry about the origin of language as a means of communication. In this context, there is an attempt to illuminate the relation between language and thinking.Item Open Access Esse est percipi in Berkeley's book "Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous"(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Çiçekdağı, Caner; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi/Felsefe Bölümü.This paper will try to remind Berkeley's thought on his book "Dialogues". The three names, John Locke, George Berkeley and David Hume are clearly mentioned by British empiricism. Among these major names we're going to keep your attention to Berkeley. That' s because his empiricism differs from the others with the simple and highly radical point of view. The empiricist tradition always uses the word "idea" in a general meaning. "Idea" represents anything in our minds as thoughts, perceptions, feelings, imaginations, memories, ete., anything not belong to physical body. Things exist as long as they are being perceived. Material substance isn' t exist because we can' t perceive such a thing but ideas, like thoughts, imagines, sensations ete.Item Open Access The problem of knowledge in Hume's philosophy and Kant's attempt to solve it(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Esenyel, Adnan; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi/Felsefe Bölümü.The philosophical motion from Hume to Kant is a cornerstone in the history of philosophy. This is the motion which I will try to evaluate here. The problem of knowledge which was formulated by Hume shows us how the cartesian tradition since Descartes ' cogito finds itself in a blind alley. This is why Kant's attempt to solve that problem is very vital for epistemolgy. First of all we will see how Hume's empiricism ends with universal scepticism and I will try to show why he can not avoid that end. Then we will pass on Kant's response to Hume's scepticism. I will discuss whether his response is right and legitimate. In conclusion we will see that despite the strength which Kant's response possess, it contains also some unsolved problems which open door for scepticism.Item Open Access The principle of equal treatment in the labour laws of European Union(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Bıçkı, Doğan; Kaya, Pir Ali; Çüçen, A.Kadir; Uludağ Üniversitesi/İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi.The principle of equal treatment which will be able to state as having equal rights encountering equally behaviours or enduring equal obediential obligations is based on searching of justice at all points. The organizations in the law of Union had been arranged in the formation that will help cessionaries in terms of demanding their rights in the labour relations. The principle of equality in the law of Union has been betrayed as an opinion of value which will be able to serve for social mobillization and integration. Originally, not only equality among sexes but equal treatment and equal opportunity also has been composing the legal outline of European social model. In that outline of view, the importance and place of the principle of equality in the labour laws of Union had been tried to be emphasized.Item Open Access Finite vs. absolute knowledge in German idealism: The case of art(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Kassabov, OgnianAesthetics plays a key though often neglected sysıematic role in the philosophies of Kanı, Schelling and Hegel. Their overall projects are nonetheless opposed in some important respecıs: while Kant attempts to secure the limits of human knowledge, Schelling and Hegel try to articulate an actually 'absolute knowledge'. I consider the treatment of art of each of these three figures as elucidating his position on the scope of knowledge. I suggest that the very limited role Kanı allots art is a direct consequence of his limits-of-knowledge position as daiming that we can presuppose but cannot cognize the actuality of the ideas of reason. Art as identity-within-difference gives a model for Schelling's 'absolute idealism', for which art is no subordinate form of cognition. Hegel's treatment of art shows that the highest reconciliation in the idea cannot entirely take place in something outside thinking.Item Open Access Hartmann's epistemology based on ontology and its contributions(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Zafer, Zeynep; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi/Felsefe Bölümü.Hartmann's claim that the problems which occur as a result of giving more importance to the subject than to the object on the assumption that knowledge is a product of a relation which is constituted between the subject and the object can be solved by the illumination of ontology is a significant contribution to both ontology and epistemology. In this study the issues concerning with what does it mean to look at epistemology from an ontological point of view, where do the subject and the object take place in an act of knowing and what contributes us noticing the epistemic relations differ in each strata of Being are discussed in the direction of presenting the new ontology's difference from the old ontologies.Item Open Access The role of closed morality in achieving rational communication: The possibility of rational communication within Bergson's non-rationalist morality(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Taşdelen, Demet KurtoğluBased on Bergson's The Two Sources of Morality and Religion, the paper attempts to investigate the role of closed morality in the achievement of rational communication. The claim is made that closed morality does not only have a destructive side but also a constructive side that may be present in achieving rational communication. Considering Bergson's ideas about the plane of intellectuality, the author intends to find a place for rational communication within Bergson's non-rational ist morality. Founded on the fact that closed morality and open morality are extreme limits and therefore cannot be found in a society in their pure form, the author claims that rational communication can be present in the transition stage between the closed soul and the open soul.Item Open Access The limits of language in the later Wittgenstein(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Uzunova, Boryanaln this text I will argue that language according to the later Wittgenstein has no limits and that this is not a self-contradicting claim. First, I'll try to show how can the notion of duality of the boundary of the language game function as a key to allowing language to have no limits and at the same time to work. Then i will proceed to showing how the concept of meaninglessness can be a valid one - a view Wittgenstein shares - without this putting ali mit on language. After that I'll tum to the language- activity relation and try to show it as not only not limiting language but really as something of a guarantee for its unlimitedness. And fınally, I'll say something about the possibility of speaking about language without this implying that we are limiting it.Item Open Access Dynamical interpretation of Leibniz's continuum(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Vidinsky, VassilThis dynamical interpretation of the continuum is based on a threefold perspective. First, detailed differentiation of all standard realms of Leibnizian Weltanschauung - (R real). (P phenomenal), (I ideal ). Second, analysis of the scope of the Law of Continuity famously formulated by Leibniz and mapping it on to this (RPI) structure. Third, fınding the precise place of dynamics and force in this (RPI) continuum. These perspectives (taxonomical, legislative and junctional) if put together lead to a new understanding of monads' role; and they are not taken anymore as a discreet part of Leibnizian philosophy (as opposed to the ideal space and time), but as dynamical continuum incorporating in itself both contiguity and continuity. And in such a way they are both neutra/izing and preserving the syncategorematic phenomenal infınity. The main poinı is that force can be applied both to perception and appetition of monads and by this we give the shortest Leibnizian answer to the Zeno's Dichotomy paradox- "force". But what is more important, such dynamical interpretation gives good schematic and systemade view of Leibnizian mature philosophy. And it appears (as expected) that the thread out of the Labyrinth of the Continuum is not only geometrical and physical, but metaphysical too.Item Open Access Paradoxes and flaws in speaking about value(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Gungov, Alexander L.This article examines two main values in the contemporary social and political discourse: liberal constitutional democracy and civil society. It tries to show that in both cases there are inconsistencies in using these terms. In the first case, several contradictions appear making democracy an oxymoron term; concerning civil society it turns out that what fits best the criteria of this concept is usually not associated with it. This analysis is compared with the Neo-Hegelian political views of Giovanni Gentile's follower, Benito Mussolini. Under logical analysis, Mussolini's ideas prove to be consistent and coherent although sound strange at first glance.Item Open Access Cognitive epistemology in redefining knowledge(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Kutlusoy, Zekiye; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi/Felsefe Bölümü.A careful analysis of knowing/knowledge of mind exhibits that there are two main distinct epistemic axes, namely knowing and knowledge axes, which should be considered together. They make up four different epistemic cases, and this framework contains the whole subject-domain of cognitive epistemology, which is a part of cognitive philosophy. On the other hand, epistemic gaps, appearing in this area, pave the way for some significant problems.Item Open Access Tendencies in contemporary philosophy of mind(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Karageorgieva, AnetaThe paper surveys the three major metaphysical strategies in 'framing' the mind: dualism, reductionism, and eliminativism. An evaluation of their achievements is being made in order to outline the perspectives of three main explanatory approaches to the mind: functionalism (dualistic and reductionistic), connectionism (eliminativistic), and the emerging view of the so called dynamic systems theory. The last is described as the most adequate according to contemporary condition of cognitive science and the philosophy of mind.Item Unknown The ethical character of philosophy: A Wittgensteinian case(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Yılmaz, Muhsin; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi.Philosophy has in the last analysis an ethical character. It hints so a practical discipline even though it is generally known as rational or theoretical. lt is ethical and accordingly practical even in its most technical or analytical forms exampled by Wittgensteinian philosophy. Wittgenstein's both former and later philosophies services in the fınal remark to the quesıion of how we should live. That is why even Wiltgensteinian philosophy is also ethical and so practical.Item Unknown The decay of aura and the media integrator (About the transition from consciousness as a medium of ideas to consciousness as a medium of communication)(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Denkov, DimitarThis study is an attempt to conceptualize the media decay of the aura around things, the sublation of the imagination and stunted development of the modes of thinking typical of the Enlightenment - a more or less global process since the mid-20th century. As a side effect, it could offer an insight into our critical reaction against and among the media, a reaction based on hierarchical dispositions vis-a-vis the truth, on the privileged treatment of the means, on the identification of truth with illusion which is renounced in traditional society and moral instruction, etc. The purpose of this study is to outline certain aspects of the integration into a media-globalized world - an integration evolving beyond, past and against all deliberate holistic projects, and whose objective is all-round openness or universal networking within a possible, to some extent imaginary, reality. This reality has been recently called virtual.Item Open Access Some remarks on Kant's contribution for understanding the nature of the transition from epistemology to ontology(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Serin, İsmail; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi/Felsefe Bölümü.lt is generally agreed that the philosophy of Kant is a turning point for modem philosophy. This corpus provides with us not only a method for analysing the nature of human knowledge in general, but also a basis upon which we find a possibility to establish antology derived from epistemology. This paper tries to understand the principles of this possibility described in Kant's Critique of Pure Reason.