Anadolu’nun farklı illerinden toplanan propolis örneklerinin kimyasal karakterizasyonu
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Date
2020-04-29
Authors
Keskin, Şaban
Yatanaslan, Levent
Karlıdağ, Semiramis
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Propolis; bal arılarının bitkilerin farklı kısımlarından topladıkları reçineleri işleyerek kovanlarında depoladıkları viskoz yapışkan reçinemsi bir maddedir. Bu reçinemsi madde arıcılar tarafından farklı tekniklerle hasat edilerek ham propolis olarak endüstriye arz edilmektedir. Endüstrinin içeriği bilinen, belirli standartlarda propolis ürünleri üretebilmeleri adına bölgelerin propolislerinin balsam, toplam fenolik madde, kimyasal kompozisyon gibi kalite parametreleri açısından ortaya koyulması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada Marmara bölgesi ve civarındaki bazı illerden elde edilen propolis örnekleri analiz edilerek belirli özellikleri aydınlatıldı. %70’lik etanol ile hazırlanan propolis ekstraktları analize tabi tutuldu. Etanolde çözünen kısım olarak tanımlanan balsam miktarı gravimetrik olarak tayin edildi. Toplam fenolik madde miktarı Folin-Ciocalteu yöntemine göre belirlendi. Ekstraktların kimyasal kompozisyonu Gaz Kromatografisi-Kütle Spektrometresi (GC-MS) metoduyla aydınlatıldı. Analiz edilen örneklerin balsam oranlarının %35 ile %72 arasında değiştiği tespit edildi. Ekstraktların toplam fenolik madde miktarının 28 ile 80 mg gallik asit eşdeğeri (GAE)/ mL aralığında olduğu belirlendi. GC-MS ile yapılan içerik analizinde, propolis ekstraktlarının uçucu bileşenler, fenolik asitler/flavonoidler, terpenik bileşikler, serbest yağ asitleri ve esterleri ve organik asitleri ihtiva ettiği görüldü. Örneklerin kimyasal bileşiminin kavak tipi propolis ile yüksek benzerlik gösterdiği görülmekle birlikte farklı bitkisel kaynaklardan bileşenleri de içerdikleri tespit edildi.
Propolis is a viscous sticky resin-like substance that honey bees’ process and store in their hives. Honey bees collect the resins from different parts of the certain plants. This resinous substance is harvested by beekeepers with different techniques and is supplied to the industry as raw propolis. In order to produce propolis products in a standardized way, it is necessary to establish the quality parameters of regional propolis such as balsam, total phenolic amount and chemical composition. In this study, propolis samples were obtained from some cities around Marmara region. Propolis extracts prepared with 70% ethanol were analyzed. The amount of balsam described as the ethanol soluble fraction was determined gravimetrically. The amount of total phenolic substance was determined according to the folin-ciocalteu method. The chemical composition of the extracts was elucidated by using the Gas Chromatography- Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. The balsam ratios of the analyzed samples were found to vary between 35% and 72%. It was determined that the amount of total phenolic substances was between 28 and 80 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/ mL. From the content analysis using with GC-MS, it was found that propolis extracts contained the volatiles, phenolic acids/flavonoids, terpenic compounds, free fatty acids or esters and organic acids. Although the chemical composition of the samples appears to be of high similarity to the poplar type, it consists of different plant sources as well.
Propolis is a viscous sticky resin-like substance that honey bees’ process and store in their hives. Honey bees collect the resins from different parts of the certain plants. This resinous substance is harvested by beekeepers with different techniques and is supplied to the industry as raw propolis. In order to produce propolis products in a standardized way, it is necessary to establish the quality parameters of regional propolis such as balsam, total phenolic amount and chemical composition. In this study, propolis samples were obtained from some cities around Marmara region. Propolis extracts prepared with 70% ethanol were analyzed. The amount of balsam described as the ethanol soluble fraction was determined gravimetrically. The amount of total phenolic substance was determined according to the folin-ciocalteu method. The chemical composition of the extracts was elucidated by using the Gas Chromatography- Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. The balsam ratios of the analyzed samples were found to vary between 35% and 72%. It was determined that the amount of total phenolic substances was between 28 and 80 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/ mL. From the content analysis using with GC-MS, it was found that propolis extracts contained the volatiles, phenolic acids/flavonoids, terpenic compounds, free fatty acids or esters and organic acids. Although the chemical composition of the samples appears to be of high similarity to the poplar type, it consists of different plant sources as well.
Description
Keywords
Propolis, Balsam, Kimyasal kompozisyon, Antioksidan aktivite, Chemical composition, Antioxidant activity
Citation
Keskin, Ş. vd. (2020). ''Anadolu’nun farklı illerinden toplanan propolis örneklerinin kimyasal karakterizasyonu''. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi, 20(1), 81-88.