Stoa felsefesinde alegorik yorum
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Date
2020-09-15
Authors
Molacı, Melike
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Hermeneutik tarihinde alegori ile düzanlam arasında daima mevcut olan çekişme, kutsal metinlerin yorumlanmasına ilişkin tartışmalardan çok önce, felsefenin doğumunun müjdelendiği zamanlarda ortaya çıkar. Kadim filozofların şiire ve şairlere olan tutumunda; bilgi türleri ile varlık kategorilerinin oluşturulmasında; ahlaki, toplumsal ve siyasi kaygıların gerisinde hep var olan bu çekişme, geleneksel felsefeye özgü ikiliklerden sadece biridir. Düzanlamın bazen diyalektik bazen de apodeiktik akıl yürütmelerle olan ortaklığına karşı sanatın yanı başında duran alegorik yorum, felsefe tarihi boyunca pek çok filozofun düşüncelerini aktarırken kullandığı bir araç olmuştur. Bu çalışmada alegorik yoruma felsefelerinde özel bir yer ayıran, alegorilere ve metaforlara olan yaklaşımlarıyla hermenuetik tarihinde önemli bir yer işgal eden Stoacılar ele alınmaktadır. Hem ait oldukları geleneği hem de kendi öğretilerini temellendirmek üzere mitosları nesne edinen ve onlarda içerilen muammalara rasyonel açıklamalar getiren Stoacıların alegorileri nasıl yorumladıkları ise Stoa felsefesinde alegorik yorumun işlevi ve kapsamı bağlamında değerlendirilmektedir. Böylece yorum tarihinde özel bir yere sahip olan Stoacılığın bu konumu nasıl edinmiş olabileceğine ve ardıllarına bıraktığı mirasın ne ölçüde korunduğuna dair bir sonuca varmak olanaklı olacaktır.
In the history of hermeneutics, the controversy that has always existed between allegory and literal occurs when the birth of philosophy is heralded, long before the discussions about the exegesis of scriptures. This controversy, which always lies behind moral, social and political concerns, in the attitude of the ancient philosophers towards poetry and poets, in the creation of the categories of being and the kinds of knowledge, is just one of the philosophical dualities pertaining to traditional philosophy. The allegorical exegesis which takes art’s side against the partnership of the literal with dialectical, and sometimes apodeictic reasoning has been a tool used by many philosophers to convey their thoughts throughout the history of philosophy. This study focuses on Stoics, who give particular importance to allegorical exegesis in their philosophy and occupy an important place in hermeneutics history with their approach to allegories and metaphors. Stoics take myths as objects to found both the tradition they belong to and their teachings and give rational explanations for the enigmas contained in them. The way Stoics interpret allegories is evaluated in the context and function of allegorical exegesis in Stoic philosophy. Thus, it will be possible to come to a conclusion about how Stoicism, which has a special place in the history of exegesis, could have acquired this position and to what extent the heritage left to its successors was preserved.
In the history of hermeneutics, the controversy that has always existed between allegory and literal occurs when the birth of philosophy is heralded, long before the discussions about the exegesis of scriptures. This controversy, which always lies behind moral, social and political concerns, in the attitude of the ancient philosophers towards poetry and poets, in the creation of the categories of being and the kinds of knowledge, is just one of the philosophical dualities pertaining to traditional philosophy. The allegorical exegesis which takes art’s side against the partnership of the literal with dialectical, and sometimes apodeictic reasoning has been a tool used by many philosophers to convey their thoughts throughout the history of philosophy. This study focuses on Stoics, who give particular importance to allegorical exegesis in their philosophy and occupy an important place in hermeneutics history with their approach to allegories and metaphors. Stoics take myths as objects to found both the tradition they belong to and their teachings and give rational explanations for the enigmas contained in them. The way Stoics interpret allegories is evaluated in the context and function of allegorical exegesis in Stoic philosophy. Thus, it will be possible to come to a conclusion about how Stoicism, which has a special place in the history of exegesis, could have acquired this position and to what extent the heritage left to its successors was preserved.
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Keywords
Stoacılık, Hermeneutik, Mitos, Alegori, Alegorik yorum, Stoicism, Hermeneutics, Mythos, Allegory, Allegorical exegesis
Citation
Molacı, M. (2020). "Stoa felsefesinde alegorik yorum". Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 19(2), 427-444.