Publication: Olympos 3 no’lu kilise’den yeni bulgular ışığında az bilinen bir uygulama: Ahşap kat zemini üzerine mozaik döşeme
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Date
2023-08-27
Authors
Authors
Evcim, Seçkin
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Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Antik çağın çeşitli tipteki mozaik uygulamaları günümüzde karşımıza çoğunlukla sağlam bir altyapı üzerine zemine serilmiş olarak veya yatak harcı ile duvar ve örtü sistemi yüzeylerine uygulanmış olarak çıkmaktadır. Bununla birlikte Vitruvius’un De Architectura adlı eserindeki zemin yapım talimatları ve bazı az sayıdaki arkeolojik kalıntı sayesinde ahşap üst kat zeminlerinin de konsantre alt katmanlı taş plakalarla veya tesseralarla kaplanabildiği anlaşılmaktadır. Bu yöntem ve uygulama şekli bu tip döşemelerin muhtemelen yaygın olmayışından dolayı arkeolojik verilerin yetersiz kalmasıyla pek fazla tanınmamaktadır. Olympos Antik Kenti kazılarında, 3 No’lu Kilise’nin yan neflerinde bu tip bir döşemenin nefler üzerindeki galerilerin zemininde opus tessellatum tekniğinde uygulanmış olabileceğine dair bulgular elde edilmiştir. Eldeki verilere göre kilisenin galerileri, duvarlar ve nef ayrımı tarafından taşınan ahşap kiriş ve kaplama ile oluşturulmuştur. Duvarlardaki kiriş yuvaları ve taşıyıcı sisteme ait yıkıntı bunu açık bir şekilde göstermektedir. Her iki yan nef zemini üzerinde ve nef ayrımına ait yıkıntının hemen altında nef zeminine ait olmayan, parçalanmış durumda mozaik parçalarına, tesseralara ve bunların alt tabakalarına dair kalıntılara rastlanmış olup, bu kalıntıların ahşap konstrüksiyonlu galerilerin zemin döşemesine ait olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada Olympos 3 No’lu Kilise’deki bulgular üzerinden ahşap üst kat zeminlerine mozaik döşemelerin nasıl inşa edildiği diğer bazı örneklere de değinilerek açıklanmaktadır.
Various types of antique mosaics are mostly seen as installed to the ground on a thick foundation or laid onto wall and ceiling surfaces with setting bed. However, it is understood that the wooden upper floors could also covered with a layer of concrete surfaced with tile or tesserae, thanks to the instructions for floor construction in Vitruvius’ De Architectura and some few archaeological remains. Such floors and their application methods are not well known because archaeological data is limited due to this type of flooring -probably- was not common. In the excavations of the Lycian Olympos, materials found at the aisles of Church No. 3 indicating that such a pavement may have been applied in the opus tessellatum technique on the gallery floors above the aisles. According to the traces that can be seen today, the gallery floors of the church were constructed with timber joists and planks carried by the walls and nave arcades. The beam holes on the walls and the ruins of the nave arcades and galleries clearly show this. Mosaic fragments, tesserae, and subfloor materials which do not belong to the ground floor, were found just below the ruins of the nave arcades at both aisles, and these remains are thought to belong to the floor pavements of wooden constructed galleries. In this study, it is explained how the mosaic pavements were constructed on the wooden upper floor decks through the findings in Church No. 3 of Olympos with reference to some other examples.
Various types of antique mosaics are mostly seen as installed to the ground on a thick foundation or laid onto wall and ceiling surfaces with setting bed. However, it is understood that the wooden upper floors could also covered with a layer of concrete surfaced with tile or tesserae, thanks to the instructions for floor construction in Vitruvius’ De Architectura and some few archaeological remains. Such floors and their application methods are not well known because archaeological data is limited due to this type of flooring -probably- was not common. In the excavations of the Lycian Olympos, materials found at the aisles of Church No. 3 indicating that such a pavement may have been applied in the opus tessellatum technique on the gallery floors above the aisles. According to the traces that can be seen today, the gallery floors of the church were constructed with timber joists and planks carried by the walls and nave arcades. The beam holes on the walls and the ruins of the nave arcades and galleries clearly show this. Mosaic fragments, tesserae, and subfloor materials which do not belong to the ground floor, were found just below the ruins of the nave arcades at both aisles, and these remains are thought to belong to the floor pavements of wooden constructed galleries. In this study, it is explained how the mosaic pavements were constructed on the wooden upper floor decks through the findings in Church No. 3 of Olympos with reference to some other examples.
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Citation
Evcim, S. (2023). Olympos 3 no’lu kilise’den yeni bulgular ışığında az bilinen bir uygulama: Ahşap kat zemini üzerine mozaik döşeme. Journal of Mosaic Research, 16, 187-199.