Publication: Sıfır atık uygulaması için gıda atıklarından takviye kuru kedi maması üretimi
Date
2024-07-10
Authors
Yok
Authors
Şahin, Muhammed Emin
Yiğit, Rukiye
Altay, Filiz
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Gıdalar, üretim, taşıma ve tüketim sürecinin çeşitli aşamalarında atık olarak israf edilmekte ve bunların bir kısmı geri dönüştürülebilir olmalarına rağmen çeşitli sebeplerle geri kazandırılamamaktadır. Buna ilaveten kabuk, posa, öz suyu, işlem sonrası oluşan sular, çekirdek gibi kısımlar tüketilemediği için kaçınılmaz atıklar olarak ortaya çıkmakta olup israf nedeniyle değil kullanım alanı bulunamadığı için atık olmaktadır. Bu atıkların değerlendirilip farklı amaçlarla kullanıma hazır hale getirilmeleri mümkün iken israf ediliyor olması hem ekonomik hem de çevresel ve toplumsal sorunlara yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile hem israf hem de kaçınılmaz olarak oluşan gıda atıklarından sıfır atık uygulaması kapsamında takviye kuru kedi maması üretilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için ekmek, portakal kabuğu, yumurta kabuğu, kemik suyu ve peynir altı suyu atıkları ile ürüne aroma katması ve mama hamurunun reolojisine katkıda bulunması amacıyla kemik suyu bulyonu kullanılarak takviye kuru kedi maması geliştirilmiştir. Atık maddelerden hazırlanan mama hamuru, koşulların ön denemelerle optimize edilmesinden sonra mikrodalgada 180 W gücünde 2 dk 25 sn süreyle kurutulmuştur. Elde edilen kuru mamanın nem içeriği %4,36 ± 0,06 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, teorik olarak yapılan hesaplamalara göre takviye kuru kedi maması 100 g’da %14,75 protein, %12,72 yağ, %64,95 karbonhidrat, %3,21 kül ile %3,08 oranında kalsiyum içermekte olup 447,626 kcal enerji değerine sahiptir.
Foods are wasted at various stages of the production, transportation and consumption processes. However, they cannot be recovered for various reasons although some of them are in recyclable form. In addition, unavoidable wastes like shell, crust, pomace, juice, after-processed liquids, seeds, etc. cannot be used because there is no recycling application for them. Food wastes causes both economic, environmental and social problems while it is possible to evaluate and make these wastes ready for use. In this study, it was aimed to produce dry cat food supplement as a method of recycling food wastes. For this reason, cat food was produced by using bread, orange peel, eggshell, bone broth and whey wastes, which, in addition to being wasted in large quantities, also contain healthy components. Bone broth bouillon also added to contribute to the flavor of the product. The cat food dough prepared from waste materials then dried in the microwave at 180 W for 2 min. and 25 sec. after optimizing of the microwave conditions with preliminary trials at different power and durations. The moisture content of the dry cat food supplement was found as 4,36 ± 0,06 %. In addition, according to theoretical calculations, supplemental dry cat food contains 14,75% protein, 12,72% fat, 64,95% g carbohydrates, 3,21% ash and 3,08% calcium in 100 g and it has been determined that it has an energy value of 447,626 kcal.
Foods are wasted at various stages of the production, transportation and consumption processes. However, they cannot be recovered for various reasons although some of them are in recyclable form. In addition, unavoidable wastes like shell, crust, pomace, juice, after-processed liquids, seeds, etc. cannot be used because there is no recycling application for them. Food wastes causes both economic, environmental and social problems while it is possible to evaluate and make these wastes ready for use. In this study, it was aimed to produce dry cat food supplement as a method of recycling food wastes. For this reason, cat food was produced by using bread, orange peel, eggshell, bone broth and whey wastes, which, in addition to being wasted in large quantities, also contain healthy components. Bone broth bouillon also added to contribute to the flavor of the product. The cat food dough prepared from waste materials then dried in the microwave at 180 W for 2 min. and 25 sec. after optimizing of the microwave conditions with preliminary trials at different power and durations. The moisture content of the dry cat food supplement was found as 4,36 ± 0,06 %. In addition, according to theoretical calculations, supplemental dry cat food contains 14,75% protein, 12,72% fat, 64,95% g carbohydrates, 3,21% ash and 3,08% calcium in 100 g and it has been determined that it has an energy value of 447,626 kcal.
Description
Keywords
Sıfır atık, Gıda israfı, Kedi maması, Mikrodalga, Zero waste, Food waste, Cat food, Microwave