Yayın: Kalp atım hızı değişkenliği biyo-geri bildirim uygulamasının baskı altında lazer-tabanca atış performansına etkisinin incelenmesi
Dosyalar
Tarih
Kurum Yazarları
Yazarlar
Gümüş, Furkan
Danışman
Görgülü, Recep
Dil
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Yayıncı:
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
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Özet
Rekabet olgusu, varoluştan bu yana hayatımızın hep bir parçası olmuştur. Üstün performans sergilemek isterken, farkında olmadan kendimizi baskı ve stres içerisinde buluruz. Temel olarak, baskı altında olmak, duruma özgü heyecan, endişe ve kaygı duyma hali olarak betimlenebilir. Bu yönüyle ilgili durumun birey için önem düzeyi, süreç içerisinde bireyin performansa yönelik kaygı durumunu değiştirebilir. Oluşan bu baskı sonucunda fiziksel ve bilişsel olarak bazı süreçlerden geçeriz. Performansı ideal bir şekilde sergileyebilmek için beden ve zihin arasındaki uyumu da sağlamamız gerekir. Kaygı ve performans arasındaki ilişkiyi açıklamaya çalışan kuram ve yaklaşımların arasından bu ilişkiyi detaylı bir biçimde inceleyen özellikle performansın kırılma anına ve yapılan kritik hatalara dikkat çeken Wegner’in “Zihinsel Kontrolün İronik Süreçleri Kuramı” dır (Wegner, 1994). Sporcunun yapmaması gereken bir eylemden kaçınırken istemeden de olsa o eylemi yapma (ironik hata) durumuna yol açabilir (Binsch ve ark., 2009). Diğer bir ifadeyle, sporcu baskı altındayken kusursuz zihinsel kontrol sağlayamadığında yapmaktan en çok kaçındığı davranışı gerçekleştirme eğilimine girebilmektedir. Yani beden-zihin arasındaki uyum performans özelinde olumsuz etkilenmiş olur. Modern Pentatlonun sporunun doğası gereği, sporcuların anlık duygu durumlarının (örn; dikkat, odaklanma ve konsantrasyonun ön planda olduğu) performanslarına önemli etkilerde bulunduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel hedefi olan 4 seanslık KAHD-BGB uygulamasının, düşük ve yüksek kaygı durumlarında (psikolojik baskı) lazer atış performansına etkisinin araştırılması olmuştur. Çalışmamızın örneklemini 18-30 yaş aralığındaki 30 (15 erkek+15 kadın) Uludağ Üniversitesi’nde öğrenim gören lisans ve yüksek lisans öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Deney ve kontrol grubunda oluşan çalışmada veriler, spor bilimleri laboratuvarında toplanmıştır. Katılımcıların demografik bilgileri kişisel bilgi formu ile toplanmış olunup, Zihinsel Hazırlık Formu (MRF-3; Krane, 1994) kullanılarak bilişsel ve somatik kaygı ile özgüven durumları ölçülmüştür. Sonuç olarak; Deney grubunda ön testte düşük ve yüksek kaygı koşulunda, bilişsel kaygı durumunda istatistiksel olarak anlamlılık bulunurken (p=016), kontrol grubunda anlamlılık bulunmamıştır. Son test aşamasında deney grubunda somatik kaygı durumunda anlamlılık (p=.012) kaydedilirken, kontrol grubunda bilişsel kaygı düzeyinde anlamlılık kaydedilmiştir (p=.032). Deney grubunda ön-test aşamasında düşük ve yüksek kaygı durumlarında ironik hata verilerinde anlamlılık bulunurken (p=.008) kontrol grubunda anlamlılık bulunmamıştır. Son-test aşamasında sadece deney grubunda ironik hata verilerinde anlamlılık (p=.036) kaydedilmiştir. Yapılan bu çalışma modern pentatlon branşında atış performansında yapılan pilot çalışma özelliğini taşımaktadır. Bu konuda yapılacak daha kapsamlı çalışmaların baskı altında performans olgusuna katkı sağlaması öngörülmektedir.
The phenomenon of competition has always been a part of our lives since existence. While striving for superior performance, we often find ourselves under pressure and stress without realizing it. Essentially, being under pressure can be described as a state of situational excitement, anxiety, and worry. In this context, the importance of the situation for the individual can change the level of performance anxiety during the process. As a result of this pressure, we undergo various physical and cognitive processes. To perform ideally, we must also ensure harmony between body and mind. Among the theories and approaches that explain the relationship between anxiety and performance, Wegner’s "Ironic Processes of Mental Control Theory" (Wegner, 1994), which examines this relationship in detail, especially focusing on the critical moments and mistakes in performance, stands out. It can lead to situations where an athlete unintentionally performs an action they are trying to avoid (an ironic error) (Binsch et al., 2009). In other words, when an athlete is under pressure and cannot maintain perfect mental control, they may tend to perform the behavior they are most trying to avoid. Thus, the harmony between body and mind is adversely affected in terms of performance. Due to the nature of modern pentathlon, it is known that athletes' momentary emotional states (e.g., attention, focus, and concentration) have significant effects on their performance. The main goal of this study was to investigate the effect of a 4-session HRV-BF intervention on laser shooting performance under low and high anxiety conditions (psychological pressure). Our sample consisted of 30 undergraduate and graduate students (15 male + 15 female) aged 18-30 from Uludağ University. In the study, which included an experimental and a control group, data were collected in the sports sciences laboratory. Participants' demographic information was collected using a personal information form, and cognitive and somatic anxiety along with self-confidence levels were measured using the Mental Readiness Form (MRF-3; Krane, 1994). The results are as follows: In the pre-test, the experimental group showed statistical significance in cognitive anxiety levels under both low and high anxiety conditions (p=0.016), while no significance was found in the control group. In the post-test phase, statistical significance was recorded in somatic anxiety levels in the experimental group (p=0.012), while significance was noted in cognitive anxiety levels in the control group (p=0.032). In the pre-test phase, significance was found in ironic error data in the experimental group under low and high anxiety conditions (p=0.008), while no significance was observed in the control group. In the post-test phase, significance in ironic error data was recorded only in the experimental group (p=0.036). This study serves as a pilot study for shooting performance in the modern pentathlon discipline. It is anticipated that more comprehensive studies in this area will contribute to understanding performance under pressure.
The phenomenon of competition has always been a part of our lives since existence. While striving for superior performance, we often find ourselves under pressure and stress without realizing it. Essentially, being under pressure can be described as a state of situational excitement, anxiety, and worry. In this context, the importance of the situation for the individual can change the level of performance anxiety during the process. As a result of this pressure, we undergo various physical and cognitive processes. To perform ideally, we must also ensure harmony between body and mind. Among the theories and approaches that explain the relationship between anxiety and performance, Wegner’s "Ironic Processes of Mental Control Theory" (Wegner, 1994), which examines this relationship in detail, especially focusing on the critical moments and mistakes in performance, stands out. It can lead to situations where an athlete unintentionally performs an action they are trying to avoid (an ironic error) (Binsch et al., 2009). In other words, when an athlete is under pressure and cannot maintain perfect mental control, they may tend to perform the behavior they are most trying to avoid. Thus, the harmony between body and mind is adversely affected in terms of performance. Due to the nature of modern pentathlon, it is known that athletes' momentary emotional states (e.g., attention, focus, and concentration) have significant effects on their performance. The main goal of this study was to investigate the effect of a 4-session HRV-BF intervention on laser shooting performance under low and high anxiety conditions (psychological pressure). Our sample consisted of 30 undergraduate and graduate students (15 male + 15 female) aged 18-30 from Uludağ University. In the study, which included an experimental and a control group, data were collected in the sports sciences laboratory. Participants' demographic information was collected using a personal information form, and cognitive and somatic anxiety along with self-confidence levels were measured using the Mental Readiness Form (MRF-3; Krane, 1994). The results are as follows: In the pre-test, the experimental group showed statistical significance in cognitive anxiety levels under both low and high anxiety conditions (p=0.016), while no significance was found in the control group. In the post-test phase, statistical significance was recorded in somatic anxiety levels in the experimental group (p=0.012), while significance was noted in cognitive anxiety levels in the control group (p=0.032). In the pre-test phase, significance was found in ironic error data in the experimental group under low and high anxiety conditions (p=0.008), while no significance was observed in the control group. In the post-test phase, significance in ironic error data was recorded only in the experimental group (p=0.036). This study serves as a pilot study for shooting performance in the modern pentathlon discipline. It is anticipated that more comprehensive studies in this area will contribute to understanding performance under pressure.
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Konusu
Kalp atım hızı değişkenliği, Biyo-geri bildirim, Baskı altında performans, Kaygı, İronik hata, Modern pentatlon, Heart rate variability, Biofeedback, Under pressure performance, Anxiety, İronic error, Modern pentathlon
