Publication: Wilhelm von Humboldt’da ulusal karakter ve dil ilişkisi
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Date
2024-08-14
Authors
Authors
Bingöl, Sedat
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Humboldt açısından her dil onu konuşan ulusun ya da halkın dünya görüşünü, değerlerini ve kültürel kimliğini yansıtır. Bir ulusun değerleri, kültürü ve kimliği, o ulusu diğer uluslardan ayıran ögeler olarak karşımıza çıkar. Ulusların sahip olduğu bu ögelerin o ulusun karakterini meydana getirdiğini ifade eden Humboldt, ulusal farklılığı ve çeşitliliği açıklayan ve ulusal birliği tarif eden bir hipotez olarak ‘ulusal karakter’ terimini ortaya atar. Esasen ulusal karakter, ulusun tinine ve ulusa özgü niteliklere gönderme yapar. Bu noktada Humboldt, dili de o dili konuşanların ulusal karakterinin bir ifadesi ve yansıması olarak belirler. Ancak aynı zamanda dilin de ulusun karakteri üzerinde bir etkisi olduğunun altını çizer. Dolayısıyla Humboldt temel olarak dilin ulusal karakterden etkilendiğini ve ulusal karakterin de dilden etkilendiğini iddia eder. Böylelikle Humboldt için dil yalnızca duygu ve düşünceleri ifade eden bir iletişim aracı değil, ulusun tinini de belirleyen ve şekillendiren bir araç olarak karşımıza çıkar. Bu çalışmada, Humboldt’un dil ve ulusal karakter arasında kurduğu ilişki ortaya konarak söz konusu ilişkinin geçerliliği tartışılacaktır.
For Humboldt, every language reflects the worldview, values and cultural identity of the nation or people who speak it. The values, culture and identity of a nation appear as elements that distinguish that nation from other nations. These elements that nations have create the character of that nation. Humboldt introduces the term national character as a hypothesis that explains national difference and diversity and describes national unity. Essentially, national character refers to the spirit of the nation and the characteristics peculiar to the nation. At this point, Humboldt defines language as an expression of the national character of the speakers of that language. But at the same time, language also has an impact on the character of the nation. Therefore, Humboldt basically claims that language is affected by national character and national character is affected by language. Thus, for Humboldt, language is not only a means of communication that expresses feelings and thoughts, but also a tool that determines and shapes the spirit of the nation. In this study, the relationship Humboldt established between language and national character will be revealed and the validity of this relationship will be discussed.
For Humboldt, every language reflects the worldview, values and cultural identity of the nation or people who speak it. The values, culture and identity of a nation appear as elements that distinguish that nation from other nations. These elements that nations have create the character of that nation. Humboldt introduces the term national character as a hypothesis that explains national difference and diversity and describes national unity. Essentially, national character refers to the spirit of the nation and the characteristics peculiar to the nation. At this point, Humboldt defines language as an expression of the national character of the speakers of that language. But at the same time, language also has an impact on the character of the nation. Therefore, Humboldt basically claims that language is affected by national character and national character is affected by language. Thus, for Humboldt, language is not only a means of communication that expresses feelings and thoughts, but also a tool that determines and shapes the spirit of the nation. In this study, the relationship Humboldt established between language and national character will be revealed and the validity of this relationship will be discussed.
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Keywords
Dil, Düşünce, Humboldt, Ulus, Ulusal karakter, Language, Thought, Nation, National character