Person: TAŞDEMİR, YÜCEL
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TAŞDEMİR
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YÜCEL
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Publication Temporal variations of PCBs and their estimated air-soil exchange fluxes measured in seven sites in Bursa-Turkey(Taylor, 2022-11-13) Şanlı, Gizem Eker; Taşdemir, Yücel; EKER ŞANLI, GİZEM; TAŞDEMİR, YÜCEL; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü; GFK-4579-2022; FVM-6329-2022Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can travel in ambient air for long distances and exchange between different environments. Soil and ambient air samples were simultaneously gathered during the winter and summer months in 7 regions in Bursa, Turkey, to study spatio-temporal fluctuations and soil-air exchange of PCBs. sigma(25) PCB concentrations for the winter and summer seasons were 0.007-0.04 ng/m(3) and 0.03-0.24 ng/m(3) in air, also 4.09-10.00 ng/g DM and 1.65-10.01 ng/g DM in soil, respectively. PCB concentrations showed spatial variations in air and soil samples. The lowest total PCB levels were measured both in air and soil samples in the R (rural) site. The highest sigma(25) PCB concentrations were measured in the SR3 site in soil samples, while the I1 site was the most polluted in air samples. Ambient air concentrations of PCBs in the summer months were greater than those in winter. In SR1, SR2, SR3, and I1 sites, soil PCB levels in the summer were higher than in the winter. The opposite was observed in the other sites (R, U, I2). Net flux values and fugacity fraction (ff) values for all regions indicated that PCBs represented a transfer from soil to air. The air-soil net gas phase flux values changed between 0.04 - 1.01 ng/m(2)-day and 0.02-0.83 ng/m(2)-day in the summer and winter, respectively. The PCB homologous distributions of mean flux values differed depending on the regions and seasons. PCBs with 4- and 5-CBs were dominant in both seasons.Publication Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in honeybees and bee products and their evaluation with ambient air concentrations(Elsevier, 2021-01-01) Sarı, Mehmet Ferhat; Esen, Fatma; Taşdemir, Yücel; Sarı, Mehmet Ferhat; ESEN, FATMA; TAŞDEMİR, YÜCEL; 0000-0001-7114-7286; AAG-8469-2021; AAG-9468-2021; AAK-1254-2020Both quantitative and qualitative evaluation of pollutants can be achieved by biomonitoring, enabling the determination of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with a natural substance. Similarly, passive air samplers (PASs) are among the commonly used methods for the determination of atmospheric POPs. However, in the literature, there are few studies in which both methods (Biomonitoring and PASs) are evaluated together. This study aims to determine the relationship between concentration values and sources of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) measured by PASs and biomarkers (honeybee, honey, and pollen). The total concentrations of 50 PCB congeners (Sigma(50)PCBs) in PASs (n = 10) were 2259.63 +/- 647.18 pg m(3) for the urban area and 2685.65 +/- 708.45 pg m(3) for the semi-urban area. Sigma(50)PCBs in the honeybee (n = 10), honey (n = 7), and pollen (n = 10) samples were 114.44 +/- 20.36, 104.89 +/- 31.48 and 65.89 +/- 13.54 ng g(-1) dry weight (dw) for the urban sampling area, respectively, and 119.41 +/- 45.13, 112.75 +/- 21.57 and 46.52 +/- 8.85 ng g(-1) dw for the semi-urban sampling area, respectively. Similar homologous group distributions between biomarkers and PASs were obtained. The plant/air partitioning coefficient (K-PA) was used to determine the exchange between pollen samples and PASs. The results indicated that high-molecular-weight PCBs moved from air to pollen media (deposition) and low-molecular -weight PCB congeners passed from pollen media to air (volatilization) in both sampling areas.Publication Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS) from organized industry district treatment sludges with photochemical degradation: Ambient air applications(Gazi Üniversitesi, 2015-09-29) Karaca, Gizem; Taşdemir, Yücel; Karaca, Gizem; TAŞDEMİR, YÜCEL; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0002-6192-8609; AAH-3216-2021; AAG-9468-2021In the present study, removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds from Bursa organized industry district (OID) treatment sludge with ambient air applications were examined. Effect of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and diethyl amine (DEA) as photocatalysts were determined. Sludge samples without addition of photocatalysts and with addition of photocatalyst at the ratio of 5% and 20% of dry sludge weight were exposed to the ambient air conditions for 24 hours. The initial total 12 PAH (Sigma(12) PAH) concentration in the sludge was measured as 3268 +/- 170 ng/g of dry matter (DM). It was observed that PAH concentrations in the sludge did not decrease during the ambient air applications when photocatalysts were not used. Sigma(12) PAH removal ratio was calculated as 64% with the addition of 5% TiO2 and this value was reached to 76% with increasing of TiO2 amount to 20% Sigma(12) PAH removal ratios in the UV-DEA experiments were calculated as 67% and 47% when 5% and 20% of DEA were employed, respectively. It was concluded that TiO2 was more effective photocatalyst than DEA to remove PAHs from the Bursa OID sludge during the ambient air applications.Publication Levels, distributions, and seasonal variations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient air and pine components(Springer, 2021-05-01) Eleren, Sevil Çalışkan; Taşdemir, Yücel; ÇALIŞKAN ELEREN, SEVİL; TAŞDEMİR, YÜCEL; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü; AAH-1297-2021; GFK-4579-2022Pine tree (Pinus pinea) components have been used as passive air samples for determining atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations. Our results indicated that pine needles and branches were found to be statistically successful in describing the ambient air. Monthly pine needles, branches (1- and 2-year-old) and ambient air samples were collected for 1 year to identify molecular distributions and temporal concentrations of PAHs in a suburban-industrial area. Annual average sigma(14)PAH concentrations for pine needles, 1- and 2-year-old branches, and ambient air were 756 +/- 232 ng/g DW, 685 +/- 350 ng/g DW, 587 +/- 361 ng/g DW, and 28.29 +/- 32.33 ng/m(3), respectively. The order of average sigma(14)PAH concentrations in the pine tree components was determined as needle > 1-year-old branch > 2-year-old branch. In general, concentrations increased with the rise in the surface area of tree components. In the samples, 3- and 4-ring PAHs were dominant compounds in the ambient air, pine needles, and branches. The annual total fraction of 3- and 4-ring PAHs in the air was 98.5%, while the fraction of 5- and 6-ring PAHs was 1.5%. On the other hand, 3- and 4-ring PAHs in pine needles and branches were 30% or more. The fraction and level of PAHs change with the season. Although needle samples did not show any seasonal trend, PAH levels in other tree components changed with the air temperature. Generally, lower values were observed in warmer seasons in the branch samples. Similarly, ambient air PAH concentrations were higher in the winter season due to heating and adverse meteorological conditions.Publication Determination of fluxes and mass transfer coefficients of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)(Türk Milli Komitesi Hava Kirliliği Araştırma ve Kontrol, 2020-08-01) Sakin, Ahmet Egemen; Taşdemir, Yücel; SAKIN, AHMET EGEMEN; TAŞDEMİR, YÜCEL; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0002-0513-0520; 0000-0002-6192-8609; AAG-9468-2021; GDE-4908-2022This study evaluated a modified water surface sampler (MWSS) in terms of deposition characteristics of atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Water was employed as a collection surface for the atmospheric PCBs. The main difference between the MWSS and previous WSSs was its cover which prevented the deposition of particles and minimized wind effects. Therefore, lower particle-phase deposition fluxes were observed. Moreover, preventing wind from the water surface, which was the collection surface, caused lower dissolved phase fluxes and mass transfer coefficients (MTCs). Forty-eight flux and ambient air samples were taken by using an MWSS and a high volume air sampler (HVAS), respectively. The average dissolved phase PCB fluxes were 5.92 +/- 5.37 ng/m(2)-day. Particle phase PCB fluxes were also determined by attaching a filter to the sampler. The particle phase flux ratio was 14% of the total flux, which was much smaller than previously reported ones. This difference was mainly due to the cover layer which minimized the wind effects. 4- CBs and lower chlorinated PCBs were dominant in the samples. Homolog groups obtained from both the MWSS and HVAS were highly correlated. This result indicated that both samplers collected similar atmospheric PCBs. Then, MTCs were calculated for each PCB congener. To calculate the MTCs, dissolved phase PCB fluxes were divided by gas-phase PCB concentration. The average MTC was determined to be 0.25 +/- 0.23 cm/s which was smaller than the previously reported MTCs. This result illustrated that the MWSS configuration allowed us to determine the minimum MTCs and gas transfers to the water.Publication Spatial fluctuation of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (pm) levels measured in Bursa(Gazi Univ, 2006-01-01) Erbaşlar, Tuncay; Birgül, Aşkın; Taşdemir, Yücel; TAŞDEMİR, YÜCEL; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0002-7718-0340; 0000-0002-6192-8609; AAG-9468-2021; F-7879-2015Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (PM) constitutes of the classical air pollutants have important environmental effects. In the scope of this study, the results of SO2 and PM concentrations measured from 7 districts of Bursa, their spatial fluctuations and the reasons of variations among districts are discussed. Samples were collected with a Bulab 201/8 model semi-automatic sampling device. Monthly average concentrations were calculated for the evaluation of pollutant concentrations. When average concentrations of the districts were assessed, it was observed that the concentrations are dependent on meteorological and topographical conditions, fuel usage and population characteristics.Publication Pah levels in a furniture-manufacturing city atmosphere(Elsevier, 2020-02-01) Çalışkan, Burak; Küçük, Aleyna; Taşdemir, Yücel; Cindoruk, Sabahattin Sıddık; ÇALIŞKAN, BURAK; Küçük, Aleyna; TAŞDEMİR, YÜCEL; CİNDORUK, SABAHATTİN SIDDIK; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0002-8729-9441; 0000-0002-6192-8609; 0000-0001-7536-0332; AAT-6526-2020; AAG-9468-2021; JHH-5032-2023; GBB-7012-2022In this study, in order to determine atmospheric PAH concentrations in Inegol/Turkey, ambient air samples were collected from two different sites representing industrial and uncontrolled furniture manufacturers regions. Sampling campaign took place between December 2017 and November 2018. Air samples were collected using high volume air samplers (HVAS) and PAH concentrations were determined in both gas and particulate phases. The mean of the atmospheric PAH concentrations obtained in the gas phase in the furniture workshops (FW) and industrial district (ID) regions were 697.82 +/- 637 ng/m(3) and 772.92 +/- 864.23 ng/m(3), respectively. The concentrations in the particulate phase in the regions were 413.52 +/- 430.23 ng/m(3) and 342.40 +/- 527.48 ng/m(3), respectively. The average total (gas + particlulate phases) concentration of Sigma(16)PAH determined in the site of FW was 1111.34 +/- 1045.24 ng/m(3) while that was 772.92 +/- 864.23 ng/m(3) in ID. These values are over the ambient levels reported for urban sites wherein big industries exist around the world. Additionally, the average of particle phase percentage was 30% because of nearby combustion sources. The determination of possible sources of PAHs in the regions was performed using principal component analysis (PCA). PCA results showed that the main sources of pollutants of the regions are intertwined (combustion, traffic, industries). However, the most effective source is thought to be uncontrolled combustion of furniture wastes as fuel for residential heating. Health risks for the citizens were calculated for both regions and were found not to be at high-class risk.Publication Usage of needle and branches in the applications of bioindicator, source apportionment and risk assessment of pahs(Mdpi, 2022-11-01) Eleren, Sevil Çalışkan; Taşdemir, Yücel; ÇALIŞKAN ELEREN, SEVİL; TAŞDEMİR, YÜCEL; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü; AAH-1297-2021; GFK-4579-2022Biomonitoring studies have enormous benefits providing a fruitful and cost-efficient means of measuring environmental exposure to toxic chemicals. This study collected ambient air and pine tree components, including needles and 1-year-old and 2-year-old branches, for one year. Concentrations, potential sources and temporal variations of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated. In general, lower concentration levels were observed in the warmer months. Ambient PAHs pose a serious public health threat and impose a need for calculating cancer risks. It was also intended to define the best tree component reflecting the ambient air PAHs. The consideration of the representative tree component minimizes the unnecessary laboratory processes and expenses in biomonitoring studies. The coefficient of divergence (COD), diagnostic ratio (DR) and principal component analysis (PCA) were employed to specify the PAH sources. As a result of the DR and PCA evaluations, the effect of the industrial area has emerged, besides the dominance of the pollutants originating from traffic and combustion. The results have shown that pine needles and branches were mainly affected by similar sources, which also influenced air concentrations. Inhalation cancer risk values were also calculated and they varied between 1.64 x 10(-6) and 3.02 x 10(-5). A potential risk increases in the colder season depending on the ambient air PAH concentrations.Publication Pahs, pcbs and ocps in olive oil during the fruit ripening period of olive fruits(Springer, 2022-05-30) Sakın, A. Egemen; SAKIN, AHMET EGEMEN; Mert, Cevriye; MERT, CEVRİYE; Taşdemir, Yücel; TAŞDEMİR, YÜCEL; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0002-0513-0520Because of their possible carcinogenic effects, it is crucial to determine levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in olive oils. However, there are a few studies about these pollutants' levels in olive oils and no other studies reported PAHs, PCBs and OCPs at the same time and during the ripening period of olives in olive oils. A modified clean-up technique was successfully applied for eliminating lipidic components. Additionally, this study does not just report the concentrations of these pollutants but also inspects the sources depending on the actual sampling site. Also, PCBs and OCPs carcinogenic risks in olive oil were reported for the first time in the literature. This study aims to present levels, carcinogenic risks, sources and concentration changes during the ripening period of these pollutants in olive oil. For this purpose, fruit samples for oil extraction were collected between the beginning of the fruit ripening and harvest period. Obtained olive oils from the fruits were extracted and cleaned up using the QuEChERS method. GC-MS and GC-ECD were used for the quantitative analysis of the targeted pollutants. The average concentrations for Sigma(16)pAHs, Sigma(37)PCBs and Sigma(10)OCPs were 222.48 +/- 133.76 mu g/kg, 58.26 +/- 21.64 mu g/kg and 25.48 +19.55 mu g/kg, respectively. During the harvest period, the concentrations were in a decreasing trend. Calculated carcinogenic risks were above acceptable limits for all groups and traffic, wood-coal burning, atmospheric transport and previous uses were the main sources. Results of the source determination indicated that some possible sources could be prevented with regulations and precautions.Publication Temporal fluctuation of sulfur dioxide ((SO2) and particulate matter (pm) levels measured in bursa(Yildiz Technical Univ, 2006-01-01) Erbaşlar, Tuncay; Taşdemir, Yücel; TAŞDEMİR, YÜCEL; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0002-6192-8609; AAG-9468-2021Because of residential heating in winter months air quality may be negatively affected in big cities. In this study, the annual and seasonal distribution of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (PM) concentrations, measured between 1988 and 2003 in seven districts of Bursa, have been studied. Average concentration values were determined based on measurements taken from these 7 districts and these values fluctuated between 90,2 +/- 59,1 mu g/m3 and 23,5 +/- 20,8 mu g/m(3) for PM, 218,4 +/- 159,3 mu g/m(3) and 44,8 +/- 39,9 mu g/m(3) for SO2. Improvements in air quality after 1992, when natural gas usage was started, was discussed. Measurements of PM and SO2 taken from Bursa were compared with the limits in Turkish Air Quality Control Regulation (TAQCR) and measurements from different locations.