Person: ÜNAL, HALİL
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ÜNAL
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HALİL
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Publication Comparison of extensive or semi-intensive feeding for anatolian water buffalo(United Arab Emirates Univ, 2015-09-01) Degirmencioğlu, Taşkın; Ünal, Halil; Kuraloğlu, Hasan; DEĞİRMENCİOĞLU, TAŞKIN; ÜNAL, HALİL; Kuraloğlu, Hasan; Ziraat Fakültesi; Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0002-1512-1302; AAG-8528-2021; AAH-4410-2021; AAH-4410-2021This study was carried out to determine the effects of extensive or semi-intensive feeding on dry matter intake and milk composition in Anatolian water buffalo. Buffaloes were taken into trial in the 1st-2nd months of their lactation. The buffaloes were divided into 2 groups, an extensive group (A) and a semi-intensive group (B) each group consisting of 12 buffaloes. Compared to the A group, the B group consumed more total dry matter (P < 0.05; 13.17 vs. 11.12 kg day(-1)) and produced more milk day(-1) (P < 0.05; 7.34 vs 4.42 kg day(-1)). In the milk samples which were taken from the group A had higher (P < 0.05) milk fat percentage than group B (milk fat = 8.03 and 5.80 %, respectively). The somatic cell count (SCC) (44.7 and 60.3 x log10 mL(-1)), SNF (10.29 and 10.18 %) and protein percentages of milk (4.95 and 4.96 %) were similar for both groups.Publication The effect of different milking techniques on the performance of the anatolian water buffaloes(Int Buffalo Information Ctr, 2022-04-01) Değirmencioğlu, Taşkın; Ünal, Halil; Kuraloğlu, Hasan; DEĞİRMENCİOĞLU, TAŞKIN; ÜNAL, HALİL; Kuraloğlu, Hasan; Ziraat Fakültesi; Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0002-1512-1302; AAG-8528-2021; IQM-4128-2023; GNR-6843-2022This study was carried out to determine the effects of hand and machine milking on milk performance in buffaloes. Twenty-four adult Anatolian water buffaloes (AWB), the age of about (5 and 6 years) old at stage 35 to 37 days of lactation were randomly divided into two similar groups, 12 AWB in each group. As a result of the investigation, it was determined that the machine milking group (2) significantly improved silage dry matter (DM), alfalfa DM and the total DM consumption of the buffalo compared to the handle milking group (1) (P<0.05), (P<0.05) and (P<0.01) While, a significant increase (P<0.01) was observed in the values of milk yield in the buffalo group (2) conducted machine milking compared to that Control group (1) (7.12 to 8.23 kg day(-1)). Another finding of the study was that the application of a pressure of 45 kPa increased the SCC compared to the handle milking group (1) (45.2-68.8x10 log mL(-1)34.30%) (P<0.05). It was determined that regression equation between total DM and milk yield in machine milking was Y = -21.89+4.29 T**, regression coefficient was R-2 = 0.868 and correlation coefficient was r = 0.932 (P<0.001). As a result of the research, the use of machine milking in buffalo enterprises can be recommended both in terms of increasing milk yield and facilitating work.Publication Determination of operating parameters in milking robots with free cow traffic(Latvia Univ Agriculture, 2015-01-01) Ünal, Halil; Kuraloğlu, Hasan; Malinovska, L; Osadcuks, V; ÜNAL, HALİL; Kuraloğlu, Hasan; Uludağ Üniversitesi; Malinovska, L; Osadcuks, V; AAH-4410-2021; AAH-4410-2021In 2012 the first robot milking farm was introduced in Turkey. The basic idea is that cows are milked without human assistance with getting into the milking unit voluntarily at any time of the day. After milking they can move to the feeding area as well as resting area (cubicles). In this paper we studied the capacity of milking robots, daily robotic load, milking frequency per robot per hours, and the analyzed cow traffic has been chosen "free" in the farm. The research shows that every hour a robot milks in the average 6.1 cows. The robotic load at the present cow herd (123 cows) is 77.4 %. Both robots are loaded the same percentage (18.7-18.5 %). The number of herd is plenty enough for two robots. The aim of the research was to state how often the cows come to robots during all day and evaluate the cow traffic system on the farm. Milking average is 2.42 times a day. This is pretty close to the optimal and recommended interval (2.5-3.0 times per day). The robot idle time is approximately 18 %. In this case a large percentage of cows are fetched by workers.Publication Precision application of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora as a biological control agent through the Nemabot(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023-09-21) Erdoğan, Hilal; Ünal, Halil; Susurluk, Alper; Lewis, Edwin E.; ERDOĞAN, HİLAL; ÜNAL, HALİL; SUSURLUK, İSMAİL ALPER; Ziraat Fakültesi; Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0002-0387-2600; AAG-7131-2021; AAP-5834-2020; IHS-3745-2023One of the most important development trends of robots in agriculture is to enable highly precise applications that minimize amounts of chemical components that are harmful to the environment. Precision agriculture is fundamental and inevitable worldwide because it provides more yield to an increasing population, while at the same time reducing inputs. The purpose of this study was to apply entomopathogenic nematodes, which are insect parasites used as biological control agents, through Nemabot. A robotic system that can move in the X-Y-Z coordinate plane has an agitating mechanism for suspension based on water and entomopathogenic nematodes and can perform precise dosing with a peristaltic pump designed and produced as a prototype. The experimental results of the robot application on the exact point, volume, amount, and uniformity of dosing show that the proposed method can effectively solve the problem of applying entomopathogenic nematodes, which are economically more expensive than pesticides. The main contribution of this paper is the proposal of a method to solve the problem of applying the agents precisely. This is the first experiment in which biological control products were applied using a robotic system. A patent application (PCT/TR2019/050768) was made, and the patentability claims were approved and officially registered (TR2018 14310B).Publication Geometric and mechanical properties of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) grain:: Effect of moisture(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2008-01-01) Ünal, Halil; Işık, Eşref; İzli, Nazmi; Tekin, Yücel; ÜNAL, HALİL; Işık, Eşref; İZLİ, NAZMİ; TEKİN, YÜCEL; Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu; Tarım Makinaları Bölümü; R-7996-2016; J-3560-2012; AAH-4410-2021; CVV-6593-2022In this research, selected geometric and mechanical properties of mung bean grain were evaluated as a function of moisture content. Five levels of moisture content ranging from 7.28 to 17.77% d.b. (dry basis) were used. The average length, width, thickness, arithmetic and geometric mean diameters, sphericity, thousand grain mass and angle of repose ranged from 5.145 to 6.199 mm, 3.760 to 4.474 mm, 3.537 to 4.223 mm, 4.147 to 4.965 mm, 4.090 to 4.893 mm, 0.795 to 0.789, 52.3 to 64.6 g, and 25.87 to 29.38 degrees as the moisture content increased from 7.28 to 17.77% d.b., respectively. The bulk density was found to be decreased from 821.3 to 745.2 kg/m(3), whereas the grain volume, true density, porosity, terminal velocity, and projected area were found to be increased from 27.88 to 47.33 mm3, 1230.0 to 1456.7 kg/m(3), 30.43 to 46.57%, 4.86 to 5.29 m/s, and 17.48 to 19.26 mm(2), respectively. There is a 43% increase in surface area from grain moisture content of 7.28 to 17.77% d.b. The static coefficient of friction on various surfaces increased linearly with the increase in moisture content. The rubber as a surface for sliding offered the maximum friction followed by galvanised iron, medium density fibreboard, stainless steel, aluminium and glass sheet. As moisture content increased from 7.28 to 17.77%, the rupture forces values ranged from 67.39 to 39.44 N; 63.86 to 42.18 N, and 53.96 to 41.79 N for thickness (Z axis), length (Y-axis) and width (X-axis), respectively.Publication Entomopathogenic nematode dispensing robot: Nemabot(Elsevier, 2021-02-14) Erdoğan, Hilal; Ünal, Halil; Lewis, Edwin E.; ERDOĞAN, HİLAL; ÜNAL, HALİL; Ziraat Fakültesi; Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0002-0387-2600; AAP-5834-2020; IHS-3745-2023Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are obligate endoparasites of many insect species and they are important biocontrol agents. Application strategies that improve precision and reduce labor would increase their potential in many cropping systems. We developed a unique robotic system to apply EPNs to a surface area precisely. The robotic system picks up EPNs from a suspension in a reservoir with a peristaltic pump and transfers them to an exact point with an exact amount. Four suspensions were prepared with four concentrations of EPNs; 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g of commercial EPN product per 2 L of water. All suspensions were applied in three different amounts of water (25, 50 and 100 mL per application). In total, 12 different applications were conducted with the robot. Conical falcon centrifuge tubes were used to collect applied EPNs. Five samples (10 ?l) were taken from collected 25, 50 and 100 mL EPN suspensions and the average nematode number in the samples were scaled to the whole suspension. Results of the experiments showed that all robot applications, except 25 mL?0.1 g dose, were not significantly different from those of the control treatment, application with a pipette.. Thus, the robotic system has been found to make consistent applications.Publication Effect of stationary magnetic field on seed germination and crop yield in spinach ( spinacia oleracea l.)(Publ House Bulgarian Acad Sci, 2019-01-01) Alpsoy, Hüseyin Can; ALPSOY, HÜSEYİN CAN; Ünal, Halil; ÜNAL, HALİL; Ziraat Fakültesi; Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü; AAH-4410-2021This study was carried out with the aim of investigating the effects of different doses and periods of stationary magnetic field (0, 150 mT - 1 h, 150 mT - 24 h, 300 mT - 1 h, 300 mT - 24 h) on the parameters of germination percentage, germination index, mean germination time, mean time to germination, coefficient of velocity of germination, germination energy, mean daily germination, speed of germination and time to 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90% germination in the seeds of spinach cv. Matador, as well as on further plant development and yield. According to the research results, different magnetic field treatments had statistically significant effects on the germination parameters mentioned above. Magnetic field treatment of 150 mT-1 h gave the best results in general, however, the values obtained with this treatment were in the same statistical group with control values, regarding the parameters of germination percentage, germination index and mean daily germination. Plant yield was also positively affected by the same magnetic treatment in spring growing, whereas it was found ineffective in fall growing. Other magnetic field treatments (150 mT 24 h, 300 mT - 1 h and 300 mT - 24 h), generally had adverse effects on the germination parameters. As a result, it was concluded that subjecting the seeds to 150 mT stationary magnetic field for 1 h may be recommended for improving germination characteristics and the resulting yield, especially for spring-sown spinach seeds.