Person: SUSURLUK, İSMAİL ALPER
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SUSURLUK
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İSMAİL ALPER
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Publication Effects of storage temperature on viability and virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), steinernema carpocapsae Weiser, 1955 and Steinernema Feltiae filipjev, 1934 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae)(Ege Universitesi, 2023-01-01) Bütüner, Alperen Kaan; İlktan, Merve; Susurluk, İsmail Alper; BÜTÜNER, ALPEREN KAAN; İlktan, Merve; SUSURLUK, İSMAİL ALPER; Ziraat Fakültesi; Bitki Koruma Bölümü; AAG-7131-2021; GXV-0837-2022; JNJ-5486-2023Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are a widely used biological control agent. The aim of the study was to detect efficacy and mortalities of some EPN stored at different temperatures and periods. Three EPN species were used in the carpocapsae Weiser, 1955 TUR-S4 isolate and Steinernema feltiae Weiser, 1955 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) TUR-S3 isolate. The species were kept at 4, 15, 25 and 35 degrees C for 7, 14 and 21 days. Subsequently, these species were applied at a dose of 15 Infective juveniles on Tenebrio molitor L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae. The study was carried out in laboratory conditions in 2023. As a result, HBH and TUR-S4 kept at 25 degrees C for 14 days and TUR-S3 for 21 days showed the highest virulence as 93.33%. Mortality rates of the EPN species kept at the specified temperatures were also determined. The results have showed that the highest mortality rates for the HBH, TUR-S4 and TURS3 isolates were 11.96% on the 14th day at 35 degrees C, 19.81% on the 21st day at 25 degrees C and 7.39% on the 21st day at 35 degrees C, respectively. This study is an important step in determining suitable temperature conditions for storing and transporting EPN.Publication New application method for entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar, 1976) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH strain against Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus, 1758) (Orthoptera: Acrididae)(Entomological Soc Turkey, 2018-01-01) Şahin, Yavuz Selim; Bouhari, Ahcen; Ulu, Tufan Can; Sadıç, Büşra; Susurluk, İsmail Alper; ŞAHİN, YAVUZ SELİM; Bouhari, Ahcen; Ulu, Tufan Can; Sadıç, Büşra; SUSURLUK, İSMAİL ALPER; Ziraat Fakültesi; Bitki Koruma Bölümü; 0000-0003-3640-1474; ISX-7951-2023; CHJ-5278-2022; B-6308-2011; JGO-3717-2023; AAG-7131-2021Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the families Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae are being used as biocontrol agents against many soil borne insect pests in agriculture. Above-ground applications against the insects are usually unsuccessful due to the lack of humidity. Therefore, EPNs rapidly lose their effectiveness. In this study, conducted in 2018 under laboratory conditions in Bursa-Turkey, a new application method was developed for the use of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar, 1976) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH hybrid strain against the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus, 1758) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). A new trap system is coated with hydrophilic cotton fabric to provide the necessary humidity to allow the use of EPNs above-ground. Three different application rates of H. bacteriophora (5000, 25000 and 50000 IJs) were applied to the trap system. The fabric was inoculated with the nematodes and combined with a reservoir containing 200 ml of ringer solution. The dead and live nematodes were recorded periodically to determine their persistence on the fabric. The mortality of L. migratoria were also recorded to determine the infectivity of H. bacteriophora. The infectivity and persistence of the nematodes was sustained for more than 4 weeks by this method.Publication Optimization of in vitro solid culture of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH hybrid strain(Ege Üniversitesi, 2021-01-01) Ulu, Tufan Can; Susurluk, İsmail Alper; SUSURLUK, İSMAİL ALPER; Ziraat Fakültesi; Bitki Koruma Bölümü; 0000-0002-0699-1752; AAG-7131-2021Entomopathogenic nematodes are soil-dwelling biocontrol agents. EPNs need an insect host to complete their life cycle, and they kill their host during its development. The major disadvantage of EPNs is the high cost of commercial products. Thus, there are many studies focused on reducing production costs by optimization of mass production. In a previous project, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH hybrid strain was developed from local isolates. This hybrid strain was patented due to superior bioecological characteristics. This study aimed to optimize in vitro solid mass production of hybrid strain. All laboratory trials were performed between 2017 and 2018, in Nematology Laboratory of Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection. For optimization, additional supplementary ingredients (soy lecithin and egg yolk), temperature (24, 28 and 32 degrees C) and medium pH (5, 7 and 9) were selected as production parameters. Optimization was evaluated based on hermaphrodite egg numbers, total infective juveniles (IJs), IJ body length and IJ virulence. Based on results, best production combination was found as agar containing soy lecithin, 28 degrees C and pH 7. Also, agar media with pH 9 markedly reduced production yield. Consequently, optimum values for some important in vitro solid production parameters of HBH hybrid strain were determined.Publication Virulence comparisons of high-temperature-adapted heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Steinernema feltiae and S. carpocapsae(Gmbh, 2015-06-01) Susurluk, İsmail Alper; Ulu, Tufan C.; SUSURLUK, İSMAİL ALPER; Ulu, Tufan C.; Ziraat Fakültesi; Bitki Koruma Bölümü; 0000-0003-3640-1474; AAG-7131-2021; B-6308-2011Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are environmentally safe alternative control agents. Nematodes in the Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae families are widely used in biological control frameworks, especially for soil-inhabiting insect pests. In this experiment, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar, 1976), Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev, 1934) and S. carpocapsae (Weiser, 1955) adapted at high temperature were assessed in order to detect differences in virulence between adapted and non-adapted populations. All species were exposed to 38 degrees C for 2 h. After this treatment, live infective juveniles (IJs) were used to infect to last instar Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758). larvae at the following doses: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 IJs/larva. The LD50 and LD90 were obtained for these species. Non-adapted populations of the nematode species were used as controls for this experiment. The results indicated that differences in S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae virulence between the adapted and non-adapted populations were significant; no significant difference was observed between the adapted and non-adapted H. bacteriophora populations.Publication Virulence comparisons of high-temperature-adapted heterorhabditis bacteriophora, steinernema feltiae and S. carpocapsae(Walter, 2015-06-01) Susurluk, İsmail Alper; Ulu, Tufan Can; SUSURLUK, İSMAİL ALPER; Ulu, Tufan Can; Ziraat Fakültesi; Bitki Koruma Bölümü; 0000-0003-3640-1474; AAG-7131-2021; B-6308-2011Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are environmentally safe alternative control agents. Nematodes in the Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae families are widely used in biological control frameworks, especially for soil-inhabiting insect pests. In this experiment, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar, 1976), Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev, 1934) and S. carpocapsae (Weiser, 1955) adapted at high temperature were assessed in order to detect differences in virulence between adapted and non-adapted populations. All species were exposed to 38 degrees C for 2 h. After this treatment, live infective juveniles (IJs) were used to infect to last instar Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758). larvae at the following doses: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 IJs/larva. The LD50 and LD90 were obtained for these species. Non-adapted populations of the nematode species were used as controls for this experiment. The results indicated that differences in S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae virulence between the adapted and non-adapted populations were significant; no significant difference was observed between the adapted and non-adapted H. bacteriophora populations.Publication Orientation of some Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar, 1976) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) strains to Lolium perenne L. (Poales: Poaceae) and Galleria mellonella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2019-01-01) ŞAHİN, YAVUZ SELİM; Yıldırım, Sema; SUSURLUK, İSMAİL ALPER; Susurluk, İsmail Alper; Ziraat Fakültesi; AAG-7131-2021; AAH-2823-2021Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have different host-finding (foraging) behavior that varies from species to species. Besides their foraging behavior, the orientation of some EPNs can vary depending on plant roots. In the present study, the orientation of some Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar, 1976) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) strains to perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne L. (Poales: Poaceae) roots and greater wax moth Galleria mellonella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae were investigated. For this purpose, three different strains of H. bacteriophora were used. One of them was a hybrid strain (HBH) and the two were parents (HB1138 and HB4) of the hybrid strain. Three experimental combinations were conducted in the study conducted in 2019 under laboratory conditions in Bursa, Turkey: (A) plant roots, larvae and control; (B) plant roots, control I and control II; and (C) mechanically damaged plant roots, control-I and control-11 in Y-tube olfactometers filled with moist sand. The results indicated that for combination A, most orientation to plants and larvae was seen in HB1138; for combination B, most orientation to plant roots was was seen in HBH; and for combination C, strain HB4 showed the most orientation to mechanically damaged plant roots. According to the results, each strain of the same EPN species may have a different response to plant roots and host insects.Publication Precision application of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora as a biological control agent through the Nemabot(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023-09-21) Erdoğan, Hilal; Ünal, Halil; Susurluk, Alper; Lewis, Edwin E.; ERDOĞAN, HİLAL; ÜNAL, HALİL; SUSURLUK, İSMAİL ALPER; Ziraat Fakültesi; Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0002-0387-2600; AAG-7131-2021; AAP-5834-2020; IHS-3745-2023One of the most important development trends of robots in agriculture is to enable highly precise applications that minimize amounts of chemical components that are harmful to the environment. Precision agriculture is fundamental and inevitable worldwide because it provides more yield to an increasing population, while at the same time reducing inputs. The purpose of this study was to apply entomopathogenic nematodes, which are insect parasites used as biological control agents, through Nemabot. A robotic system that can move in the X-Y-Z coordinate plane has an agitating mechanism for suspension based on water and entomopathogenic nematodes and can perform precise dosing with a peristaltic pump designed and produced as a prototype. The experimental results of the robot application on the exact point, volume, amount, and uniformity of dosing show that the proposed method can effectively solve the problem of applying entomopathogenic nematodes, which are economically more expensive than pesticides. The main contribution of this paper is the proposal of a method to solve the problem of applying the agents precisely. This is the first experiment in which biological control products were applied using a robotic system. A patent application (PCT/TR2019/050768) was made, and the patentability claims were approved and officially registered (TR2018 14310B).Publication Biocontrol potential of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH hybrid strain against the beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis L., 1761 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)(Ege Üniversitesi, 2022-10-10) Dede, Emre; Bütüner, Alperen Kaan; Susurluk, İsmail Alper; Dede, Emre; BÜTÜNER, ALPEREN KAAN; SUSURLUK, İSMAİL ALPER; Ziraat Fakültesi; Bitki Koruma Bölümü; 0000-0002-2121-3529; 0000-0001-9017-9187; 0000-0002-0699-1752; GXV-0837-2022; AAG-7131-2021; HNE-4934-2023With limits on the use of pesticides, biological control has become increasingly important. Consequently, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are now used widely in biological control. EPNs can potentially be used against beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis L., 1761 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), which established in sunflower-growing areas in Turkiye in 2022. Therefore, the hybrid EPN strain, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH, was assessed for this purpose. The study was conducted in Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Protection Department, Nematology Laboratory in 2022. Four nematode doses (2, 5, 10 and 20 IJs) were applied to the last instars of L. sticticalis at three temperatures (20, 25 and 30 degrees C). The highest mortality was 97% with 20 IJs dose nematodes at 30 degrees C. LD50 and LD90 of the nematode were determined at all tested temperatures. The lowest LD50 and LD90 were at 30 degrees C; 4.37 and 11.0 IJs, respectively. These results indicated that the HBN strain has potential for control of L. sticticalis.Publication Effects of insecticides and synergistic chemicals on the efficacy of the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) against leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)(Elsevier, 2021-03-14) Özdemir, Esengül; İnak, Emre; Evlice, Emre; Yüksel, Ebubekir; Delialioğlu, Rabia Albayrak; Susurluk, İsmail Alper; SUSURLUK, İSMAİL ALPER; Ziraat Fakültesi; Bitki Koruma Bölümü; AAG-7131-2021The Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is considered as one of the most important pests of potato plants. Control of CPB is mainly based on chemical insecticides. However, control failure is often reported because of the rapid resistance development ability of CPB; therefore, there is an urgent need for integrated control methods. In this study, we evaluated the combined usage of insecticides chlorantraniliprole, spinosad, and spinetoram, which are registered for CPB control, with the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae).In addition, the efficacy of S. feltiae on a chlorantraniliprole-resistant CPB population exposed to synergistic chemicals PBO (Piperonyl butoxide), DEM (Diethyl maleate) and DEF (S,S,S-tributylphorotrithioate) inhibiting certain detoxification enzyme groups was determined. The tested insecticides showed no adverse effect on the survival and infectivity of S. feltiae and the isolate was considered compatible with integrated CPB control. This study also showed that pre-treatment with synergistic chemicals (particularly PBO and DEM) increased the efficacy of S. feltiae against CPB. To our knowledge, this is the first study determining the usage of entomopathogenic nematode + synergist combination. Therefore, further studies on the potential use of synergistic chemicals in combination with entomopathogenic nematodes should be performed under both laboratory and field conditions.Publication Comparison of hermaphrodites of hybrid Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH strain and its parents on reproduction capacity(Ege Üniversitesi, 2021-01-01) Ulu, Tufan Can; Özbudak, Gizem; Düzenli, Elif Özge; Çakır, Şeyrna Hümeyra; Susurluk, İsmail Alper; Özbudak, Gizem; Düzenli, Elif Özge; Çakır, Şeyrna Hümeyra; SUSURLUK, İSMAİL ALPER; Ziraat Fakültesi; Bitki Koruma Bölümü; 0000-0003-3640-1474; B-6308-2011; AAG-7131-2021; FPE-3049-2022; CNN-6967-2022Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are microscopic roundworms used in biocontrol. EPNs are obligate insect parasites, they live in soil, and they are especially effective against soilborne insects. They are a good alternative to chemical pesticides thanks to their advantages, such as prolonged longevity, broad host range and mass production suitability. However, EPNs cannot compete with chemical pesticides due to high production costs and short shelf life. The aim of this study was to determine the reproduction capacity of the Turkish hybrid Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH strain and then compare it with its parents to improve its liquid culture yield. In this way, it is aimed to reveal the effects behind the high reproduction potential of the hybrid HBH strain. All experiments were performed at Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, in 2020. All cadavers were periodically dissected, hermaphrodites were counted and their body lengths were measured. Compared to its parents, the hybrid HBH strain had greater hermaphrodite counts, with mean 66 individuals within 12 days, and hermaphrodite body length, with mean 3.88 mm. The results obtained from this study should provide information for commercial EPN production development.