Person: SAĞLIK, İMRAN
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SAĞLIK
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İMRAN
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Publication Effect of oral antiseptics on the viral load of sars-cov-2: A randomized controlled trial(Wroclaw Medical Univ, 2022-07-29) Gül, Sema Nur Sevinç; Dilsiz, Alparslan; Aydın, Nurten Nur; Sağlık, İmran; SAĞLIK, İMRAN; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0003-0699-917X; 0000-0003-0864-4989; 0000-0003-4138-2490; AAD-5712-2019; A-4970-2019Background. In the oral cavity, which plays an important role in the transmission of severe acute respira-tory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), it is possible to reduce the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 with antiseptics, thereby minimizing the transmission of the virus during dental procedures.Objectives.The aim of this study was to clinically evaluate the effect of the hypochlorous acid (HClO) and povidone-iodine (PVP-I) solutions on the oral viral load of SARS-CoV-2.Material and methods.This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 75 patients hospitalized in the COVID-19 ward of a local hospital. All the patients included in the study were within the first 24 h of hospitalization and the first 5 days of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms. The viral load of mouthwash samples was measured with the cycle threshold (Ct) value of SARS-CoV-2 through a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The patients were divided into 3 groups. The effect on the patient's SARS-CoV-2 viral load was investigated after gargling the mouths and throats for 30 s with HClO, PVP-I and isotonic saline. First, a sample was taken after gargling with isotonic saline, then another sample was taken after gargling for 30 s with a particular antiseptic to determine the viral load of SARS-CoV-2.Results. Comparing the before and after mouthwash samples from all 3 groups, there were no statistically significant differences in the Ctvalues before and after gargling (p > 0.05). However, there were statisti-cally significant differences in the number of negative samples after the use of HClO and PVP-I, which were positive before gargling (p < 0.05).Conclusions. In the light of the data obtained in this study, there is insufficient evidence that gargling with HClO or PVP-I reduces viral load. Taken together, these findings imply no role for antiseptics in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by the aerosol generated during dental procedures, or more generally, SARS-CoV-2 infection control.Publication Nine-month course of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in individuals with COVID-19 infection(Springer London Ltd, 2022-01-20) Türkkan, Alpaslan; Sağlık, İmran; Turan, Cansu; Şahin, Ahmet; Akalın, Halis; Ener, Beyza; Kara, Ateş; Çelebi, Solmaz; Şahin, Emre; Hacımustafaoğlu, Mustafa; TÜRKKAN, ALPASLAN; SAĞLIK, İMRAN; TURAN, CANSU; AKALIN, EMİN HALİS; ENER, BEYZA; ÇELEBİ, SOLMAZ; ŞAHİN, EMRE; HACIMUSTAFAOĞLU, MUSTAFA KEMAL; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Halk Sağlığı Anabilim Dalı.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversite/Tıp Fakültesi/Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversite/Tıp Fakültesi/Çocuk Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0003-0864-4989; 0000-0003-3146-6391; 0000-0002-4415-076X; 0000-0001-7530-1279; 0000-0002-1654-3232; 0000-0003-4646-660X; GFL-2282-2022; GCM-3391-2022; IVB-4013-2023; AAU-8952-2020; CNK-0895-2022; ENK-4130-2022; JFP-8395-2023; CTG-5805-2022Background The continual course of the pandemic points to the importance of studies on the rate and durability of protective immunity after infection or vaccination. Aims In this study, we aimed to monitor anti-nucleocapsid (N) and anti-spike (S) antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nearly 9 months duration after infection. Methods Anti-nucleocapsid (N) (at 11-15-20-29-38 weeks) and anti-spike antibodies (at 11 and 38 weeks) against SARS-CoV-2 were monitored during 38 weeks after the initial symptoms of COVID-19. Results Of 37 cases between 18 and 57 years old, 54% were women. The findings showed that anti-N antibodies decreased significantly after the 15th week (between 15 and 20 weeks, p = 0.016; 20-29 weeks, p = 0.0009; and 29-38 weeks, p = 0.049). At the 38th week, mean antibody levels decreased 35% compared to the 11th week, and 8% of the cases turned negative results. Anti-N antibody average level was 56.48 on the 11th week (the cut-off index threshold >= 1). It was estimated statistically that it would decrease to an average of 20.48 in weeks 53-62. In females, average antibody levels of all measurements were lower than males (p > 0.05). Anti-S antibody levels 14% increased at 38th week compared to 11th week (quantitative positivity threshold >= 0.8 U/ml), and no cases were negative at 38th week. Conclusions Patients had >= 90% positivity after at least 9 months of symptoms, both anti-N and anti-S antibodies. In all samples, both anti-N and anti-S antibody levels were lower in females. The findings suggest that the quantitative values of anti-S antibodies remained high for at least 9 months and could provide protection.Publication Follow-up of human adenovirus viral load in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients(Wiley, 2021-01-16) Peker, Bilal Olcay; Kıntrup, Gülen Tüysüz; Sağlık, İmran; Sarinoğlu, Rabia Can; Güler, Elif; Mutlu, Derya; Küpesiz, Osman Alphan; Çolak, Dilek; SAĞLIK, İMRAN; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0003-0864-4989; A-4970-2019; GCM-3391-2022Background: The spectrum of human adenovirus (HAdV)-related disease is broad, and the virus acts on many organs and systems in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. We aimed to evaluate the effect of HAdV-DNA positivity with clinical and laboratory findings 4 months after HSCT.Methods and results: We retrospectively investigated HAdV-DNA in 153 HSCT recipients (<= 18 years) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RealStar; Altona Diagnostics). The results of samples from January 2014 to December 2017 are included. HAdV-DNA was positive for at least one sample type in 50 (32.67%) patients. HAdV-DNA positivity rate was 8.92% (N: 145/1625), 40.25% (N: 64/159), and 25% (N: 2/8) for plasma, stool, and urine samples, respectively. HAdV-DNA was positive in the plasma of 38 (24.83%) patients at a median 16 (range: 1-58 days) days after HSCT. The mortality rate was 23.68% and 6.95% in plasma HAdV-positive and HAdV-negative patients (p = .014). Moreover, HAdV-DNA positivity had an impact on overall survival for allogeneic-HSCT (p = .013), with the cumulative effect including graft-versus-host disease state in multivariate analysis (p = .014).Conclusions: Plasma HAdV-DNA positivity is a potential influencer that decreases survival in the early post-transplant period. Due to the high mortality rates, close monitoring is required of HAdV infections after HSCT with sensitive methods, especially at the early stage.Publication Development and validation of a simple risk scoring system for a COVİD-19 diagnostic prediction model(Tüberküloz ve Toraks, 2023-01-01) Güçlü, Özge Aydın; Ursavaş, Ahmet; Ocakoğlu, Gokhan; Demirdogen, Ezgi; Öztürk, Nilufer Aylin Acet; Topçu, Dilara Ömer; Terzi, Orkun Eray; Onal, Uğur; Dilektaşlı, Aslı Görek; Sağlık, İmran; Coşkun, Funda; Ediger, Dane; Uzaslan, Esra; AkalIn, Halis; Karadağ, Mehmet; AYDIN GÜÇLÜ, ÖZGE; URSAVAŞ, AHMET; OCAKOĞLU, GÖKHAN; DEMİRDÖĞEN, EZGİ; ACET ÖZTÜRK, NİLÜFER AYLİN; ÖMER TOPÇU, DİLARA; TERZİ, ORKUN ERAY; ÖNAL, UĞUR; GÖREK DİLEKTAŞLI, ASLI; SAĞLIK, İMRAN; COŞKUN, NECMİYE FUNDA; EDİGER, DANE; UZASLAN, AYŞE ESRA; AkalIn, Halis; KARADAĞ, MEHMET; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Göğüs Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Biyoistatistik Anabilim Dalı; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı; 0000-0003-1005-3205; 0000-0002-1114-6051; 0000-0002-7400-9089; 0000-0002-6375-1472; 0000-0001-7099-9647; 0000-0002-2954-4293; 0000-0001-7530-1279; 0000-0002-9027-1132; AAH-5180-2021; A-4970-2019; AAG-8744-2021; AAI-3169-2021; JCO-3678-2023; JPK-7012-2023Introduction: In a resource-constrained situation, a clinical risk stratification system can assist in identifying individuals who are at higher risk and should be tested for COVID-19. This study aims to find a predictive scoring model to estimate the COVID-19 diagnosis.Materials and Methods: Patients who applied to the emergency pandemic clinic between April 2020 and March 2021 were enrolled in this retrospective study. At admission, demographic characteristics, symptoms, comorbid diseases, chest computed tomography (CT), and laboratory findings were all recorded. Development and validation datasets were created. The scoring system was performed using the coefficients of the odds ratios obtained from the multivariable logistic regression analysis.Results: Among 1187 patients admitted to the hospital, the median age was 58 years old (22-96), and 52.7% were male. In a multivariable analysis, typical radiological findings (OR= 8.47, CI= 5.48-13.10, p< 0.001) and dyspnea (OR= 2.85, CI= 1.71-4.74, p< 0.001) were found to be the two important risk factors for COVID-19 diagnosis, followed by myalgia (OR= 1.80, CI= 1.082.99, p= 0.023), cough (OR= 1.65, CI= 1.16-2.26, p= 0.006) and fatigue symptoms (OR= 1.57, CI= 1.06-2.30, p= 0.023). In our scoring system, dyspnea was scored as 2 points, cough as 1 point, fatigue as 1 point, myalgia as 1 point, and typical radiological findings were scored as 5 points. This scoring system had a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 76.3% for a cut-off value of >2, with a total score of 10 (p< 0.001).Conclusion: The predictive scoring system could accurately predict the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection, which gave clinicians a theoretical basis for devising immediate treatment options. An evaluation of the predictivePublication Evaluation of diagnostic performance of bd max ebp assay in patients with diarrheal illness(Pera Yayıncılık Hizmetleri, 2022-12-01) Özyurt, Özlem Koyuncu; Saglik, İmran; Özhak, Betül; Mutlu, Derya; Levent, Belkıs; Dönmez, Levent; Ongut, Gözde; Çolak, Dilek; Oğunç, Dilara; SAĞLIK, İMRAN; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0003-0864-4989 ; A-4970-2019Objective: Detection of the etiological agents in patients with acute diarrhea is challenging due to a wide variety of pathogens. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of BD Max Enteric Bacterial Pathogens (EBP) PCR assay in patients with diarrheal illness.Methods: Between 1 January 2014 and 31 May 2015, stool samples from pediatric or adult patients with diarrhea submitted for routine analysis of bacterial stool pathogens were included in the study. We compared the BD Max EBP PCR assay to culture for the detection of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Campylobacter jejuni, and Campylobacter coli and an EIA for Shiga toxins 1 and 2. Discordant results were adjudicated by either antigen detection methods or Film array GI Panel.Results: When coinfections were excluded, the positive percent agreement values for the BD Max EBP assay (PPA) was 100% and negative percent agreement (NPA) was between 98.0%-99.7%, when compared with culture and EIA. After discrepant analysis, the PPA values for the BD Max EBP assay was 100% and NPA was between 99.5%-100%.Conclusion: The BD Max EBP assay showed a high correlation rate with conventional and molecular methods for the detection of stool pathogens.Publication Prognostic factors for COVID-19 patients(J Infection Developing Countries, 2022-03-01) Önal, Uğur; Güçlü, Özge Aydın; Akalın, Halis; Öztürk, Nilüfer Aylin Acet; Semet, Cihan; Demirdoğen, Ezgi; Dilektaşlı, Aslı Görek; Sağlık, İmran; Kazak, Esra; Özkaya, Güven; Coşkun, Funda; Ediger, Dane; Heper, Yasemin; Ursavaş, Ahmet; Yılmaz, Emel; Uzaslan, Esra; Karadağ, Mehmet; ÖNAL, UĞUR; AYDIN GÜÇLÜ, ÖZGE; AKALIN, EMİN HALİS; ACET ÖZTÜRK, NİLÜFER AYLİN; SEMET, CİHAN; DEMİRDÖĞEN, EZGİ; GÖREK DİLEKTAŞLI, ASLI; SAĞLIK, İMRAN; KAZAK, ESRA; ÖZKAYA, GÜVEN; COŞKUN, NECMİYE FUNDA; EDİGER, DANE; HEPER, YASEMİN; URSAVAŞ, AHMET; YILMAZ, EMEL; UZASLAN, AYŞE ESRA; KARADAĞ, MEHMET; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Göğüs Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Biyoistatistik Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0001-6194-3254; 0000-0003-1005-3205; 0000-0001-7530-1279; 0000-0002-6375-1472; 0000-0002-7400-9089; 0000-0001-7099-9647; 0000-0003-0864-4989; 0000-0003-0297-846X; 0000-0003-3604-8826; 0000-0002-2954-4293; 0000-0002-3894-1231; 0000-0002-9027-1132; A-4421-2016; AAG-8459-2021; GCM-3391-2022; DTT-7416-2022; AAH-9812-2021; AEA-4817-2022; Z-1424-2019; AAU-8952-2020; AAG-9930-2019; ACQ-7832-2022; AAD-1271-2019; AAE-9142-2019; CTY-9474-2022; AAI-3169-2021; HJZ-6992-2023; CDI-1977-2022; AAG-8744-2021Introduction: Determining prognostic factors in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can have great impact on treatment planning and follow-up strategies. Herein, we aimed to evaluate prognostic factors and clinical scores for confirmed COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care hospital in the Bursa region of Turkey. Methodology: Patients who had been diagnosed with COVID-19 microbiologically and/or radiologically between March and October 2020 in a tertiary-care university hospital were enrolled retrospectively. Adult patients (>= 18 years) with a clinical spectrum of moderate, severe, or critical illness were included. The dependent variable was 30-day mortality and logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate any variables with a significant p value (< 0.05) in univariate analysis. Results: A total of 257 patients were included in the study. The mortality rate (30-day) was 14.4%. In logistic regression analysis, higher scores on sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) (p < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.42-2.45) and CURB-65 pneumonia severity criteria (p = 0.001, OR = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.47-4.57) were found to be significant in predicting mortality at admission. In deceased patients, there were also significant differences between the baseline, day-3, day-7, and day-14 results of D-dimer (p = 0.01), ferritin (p = 0.042), leukocyte (p = 0.019), and neutrophil (p = 0.007) counts. Conclusions: In our study of COVID-19 patients, we found that high SOFA and CURB-65 scores on admission were associated with increased mortality. In addition, D-dimer, ferritin, leukocyte and neutrophil counts significantly increased after admission in patients who died.Publication Investigation of ganciclovir resistance in cytomegalovirus isolates by phenotypic and genotypic methods(Ankara Mikrobiyoloji, 2023-07-01) Sarınoğlu, Rabia Can; Çolak, Dilek; Küpesiz, Osman Alphan; Kuşkuçu, Mert Ahmet; Yalçın, Koray; Saglık, İmran; Mutlu, Derya; Midilli, Kenan; Peker, Bilal Olcay; Özhak, Betil; Özkul, Aykut; Foldes, Kataline; SAĞLIK, İMRAN; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı; 0000-0003-0864-4989; A-4970-2019Ganciclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus (CMV) strains are reported following long-term antiviral agent use, especially for immune-suppressive patients. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the mutations in the UL97 gene of CMV, which causes ganciclovir (GCV) resistance by genotypic and phenotypic methods in patients who developed CMV infection following hematopoietic cell (HCT) or solid organ transplantation (SOT). Thirty patients who had HCT or SOT in Mediterranean University Hospital and developed CMV infection during routine follow-up with a viral load of CMV over 1000 copies/mL were included in the study. CMV DNA was analyzed by an automated system (Cobas Ampliprep/COBAS TaqMan CMV Test, Roche Diagnostics, Germany) quantitatively. DNA sequence analysis of the regions including codons 420-664 in the UL97 gene region was done by the Sanger sequencing method to detect mutations causing antiviral resistance and compared with defined mutations. In order to investigate antiviral resistance by phenotypic methods, heparinized blood samples of the patients were collected, 'buffy coat (leukocyte layer)' was inoculated into MRC-5 cells by centrifugation method and CMV growth in these cells was controlled with monoclonal antibodies when growth was detected, virus titer was determined and plaque reduction test was applied as recommended. It was determined that 22 of the 30 patients were HCT recipients and eight were SOT (five kidney, three liver) recipients. When the CMV serology pattern of the patients was evaluated before transplantation, 29 (96.7%) patients were found to be seropositive and one (3.3%) patient was found to be seronegative. Totally, nine CMV UL97 mutations were detected in seven (23.3%) pediatric patients who had HCT, including six seropositive and one seronegative case. In addition, one mutation (D605E) not known to cause GCV resistance was detected in a seronegative recipient and three previously unidentified mutations were detected (1474T, F499S, V559A) in a seronegative recipient. Five of the mutations defined were UL97 mutations with a defined clinical resistance against GCV in each of the five recipients (C603W, C592G, H520Q, M460V, A594T). In the plaque reduction test using 3 mu M, 12 mu M, 48 mu M and 96 mu M concentrations of GCV in CMV strains, the IC50 value was determined to be >= 8 mu M for the five CMV strains, and the phenotypic presence of GCV resistance was shown. Clinical resistance associated with CMV UL97 mutation was detected in five (22.7%) of 22 patients who had HCT. GCV resistance was also demonstrated in these patients by phenotypic methods. No UL97 mutation was detected in the patients who had SOT.Publication Is there a role for dark field microscopy in the diagnosis of lyme disease? A narrative review(Doc Design Informatics Co Ltd, 2023-12-01) Saraç-Pektaş, Fatma; Önal, Uğur; ÖNAL, UĞUR; Saglık, İmran; SAĞLIK, İMRAN; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı.; JCO-3678-2023; A-4970-2019The diagnosis of Lyme disease is becoming more common in Turkey. Nonetheless, some physicians are not aware of the diagnostic principles that should be followed when faced with a suspected patient and could use tests that are not recommended, such as darkfield microscopy. Dark field microscopy is a diagnostic technique to visualize the spirochetes that cause Lyme disease; however, it is not recommended for the diagnosis of Lyme disease. One of the main limitations of dark field microscopy is its low sensitivity. Another limitation is its high false -positivity rate, as other microorganisms and cellular debris can be mistaken for spirochetes, leading to a misdiagnosis that may result in unnecessary treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to review the literature on the role of dark field microscopy as a diagnostic method for Lyme disease and inform physicians about recommended approaches in line with the recommendations of national or international guidelines. An electronic search of Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed using the following medical subject headings (MeSH) search terms: Lyme borreliosis, Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorfen, diagnosis, and microscopy. With this narrative review, we aimed to inform physicians better and improve patient care for patients with suspected Lyme disease.Publication Evaluation of enzyme immunoassay (EIA), immunoblot and HIV RNA polymerase chain reaction test results in the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection(Ankara Microbiology Soc, 2019-10-01) Sarınoğlu, Rabia Can; Sağlık, İmran; Mutlu, Derya; Ongut, Gözde; İnan, Dilara; Çolak, Dilek; SAĞLIK, İMRAN; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı.; FTM-0998-2022Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an important global public health issue. Increasing HIV/AIDS cases reported each year has become a serious health problem for our country. The fourth generation enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test is the first step in the laboratory diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. When the EIA test is repeatedly reactive, antibody-based tests such as immuno blot (IB), line immunoassay (LIA), HIV 1-2 antibody differentiation immunoassay, and HIV RNA tests for the early period of infection are used as confirmatory tests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of three different methods for the diagnosis of HIV infection. HIV 1-2 IB and quantitative HIV-1 RNA PCR tests were performed in 199 patient samples. These samples were detected as the reactive or gray zone with HIV 1-2 Ab+Ag EIA test between 2010 and 2015 at Akdeniz University Hospital, Microbiology Laboratory. HIV 1-2 Ab+Ag determination in serum samples was performed with the EIA method (Elecsys HIV combi PT test, Roche Diagnostics, Germany). A commercial kit (INNO-LIA HIV I-II Score, Innogenetics, Belgium) was used for HIV 1-2 IB method. The presence of HIV-1 RNA was investigated by automated nucleic acid extraction and real-time PCR method (Ampliprep/COBAS Tagman HIV-1 Test, Roche Diagnostics, Germany) in plasma samples. For statistical analysis, SPSS, Mann Whitney U test was used, ROC analysis was performed and p< 0.05 value was considered statistically significant. HIV 1-2 Ab+Ag EIA COI (cut-off index) median value was higher with positive HIV 1-2 IB and HIV-1 RNA results than negative HIV 1-2 IB and HIV-1 RNA results. These values were 394 (range: 11.5-2272) and 1.79 (range: 1.01-83.3) respectively and this difference was statistically significant (p< 0.001). HIV-1 RNA test results were positive in one patient with gray zone and two patients with negative HIV 1-2 IB result (viral loads were > 10.000.000, > 10.000.000 and 5.040.000 copies/ml, respectively). For the kit that we used for HIV 1-2 Ab+Ag EIA COI ratio of >16.45 had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 97.6%, 98.1%, 97.6% and 98.1%, respectively for the detection of HIV infection (r= 0.994, p< 0.001). HIV 1-2 Ab+Ag EIA S/CO ratio of < 9.26 had a sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 100%, 92.5%, 91.1% and 100% (p< 0.001). HIV infection is diagnosed if HIV 1-2 Ab+Ag EIA test result is repeatedly reactive and HIV 1-2 IB test and HIV-1 RNA tests are positive. In our study, HIV 1-2 Ab+Ag EIA COI median value was 394 (range: 11.5-2272) in this group of patients (p< 0.001). HIV-1 RNA PCR test was positive in three patients with > 10.000.000, 5.040.000 and > 10.000.000 copies/ml whose EIA tests were repeatedly reactive. HIV IB test was detected as the gray zone in one of them and as negative in the remaining two (HIV EIA S/CO values were 265, 9.5 and 131.8, respectively). These patients were diagnosed as acute HIV infection with clinical and laboratory findings. In conclusion, HIV RNA should also be performed and included in the diagnostic algorithm for acute HIV infection.Publication Comparison of two commercial quantitative cytomegalovirus (cmv) polymerase chain reaction tests calibrated by world health organization international cmv standard(Ankara Microbiology Soc, 2020-04-01) Çolak, Dilek; Sağlık, İmran; Can Sarınoğlu, Rabia; Mutlu, Derya; Peker, Bilal Olcay; Erman Daloğlu, Aylin; Parkan, Ömur Mustafa; Koyuncu Özyurt, Özlem; SAĞLIK, İMRAN; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı.; GCM-3391-2022Cytomegalovirus (CMV) viral load quantitation is important in diagnosis, follow-up, and monitoring of antiviral therapy in transplanted patients. In this study, it was aimed to compare the results of the two commercial World Health Organization (WHO) International CMV standard calibrated polymerase chain reaction tests, CMV Cobas Ampliprep/Cobas Taqman (CMV-CAP/CTM) (Roche, Germany) and Artus CMV QIASymphony-Rotorgene (CMV-QS-RGQ) (Qiagen, Germany). Both tests were performed simultaneously on 244 plasma samples. The results were measured in copies/ml and converted to IU/ml by multiplying with 0.91 for CMV-CAP/CTM and 1.64 for CMV-QS-RGQ, as specified by the manufacturers. CMV DNA was detected in 174 (71.3%) and was not detected in 52 (21.3%) of the samples and eighteen (7.4%) samples had discordant results by both of the tests. In 16 out of 18 samples with discordance, the viral load was below the dynamic measuring ranges of both tests. In one sample, CMV DNA could not be detected by CMV-CAP/CTM but detected by CMV-QS-RGQ with 497 copies/ml, and 334 copies/ ml CMV DNA was detected by CMV-CAP/CTM in another sample where it could not be detected by CMV-QS-RGQ. A high degree of agreement was found between the qualitative results of the both tests (kappa=0.80, p<0.001). For quantitative results in the dynamic measuring range of both assays (n=129), the median viral load values measured by CMV-CAP/CTM and CMV-QS-RGQ were 1140 copies/ml (range: 151-254000) and 1826 copies/ml (range: 189-551521). When the results were converted to IU/ml, the median viral load values measured by CMV-CAP/CTM and CMV-QS-RGQ were 1037 IU/ml (range: 137-231140) and 2993 IU/ml (range: 310-904133), respectively. There was a very strong correlation (r=0.94, p<0.001; r=0.94, p<0.001, respectively) between the log 10 values of the quantitative results in the dynamic measuring ranges (n= 129) as copies/ml and IU/ml of both tests. CMV-QS-RGQ values corresponding to 150, 1000, 3000 copies/ml in CMV-CAP/CTM were as 94.5, 1571, 323.5 copies/ml and CMV-QS-RGQ values corresponding to 137, 910, 2730 IU/ml in CMV CAP/CTM were as 154, 2557.6, 6965.9 IU/ml, respectively. A variation of 0.45 log(10) was determined between these values. In a total of 131 samples; 129 of them with the result of both tests in the dynamic measuring range and two of them which CMV DNA was not detected in one of the tests; it was found that 112 (85.5%) results for copy/ml, 73 (56%) results for IU/ml were within the measurement difference of +/- 0.5 log(10) and 19 (14.5%) results for copy/ml and 58 (44%) results for IU/ml were greater than +/- 0.5 log(10). Bland-Altman analysis showed that CMV-CAP/CTM test made lower measurements than CMV-QS-RGQ and the average difference for copy/ml and IU/ml results were 0.22 log(10) copies/ml and 0.47 log(10) IU/ml. In conclusion; when the results were converted to IU/ml, the number of samples with an acceptable measurement difference between the two test results (<= 0.5 log(10)) decreased and the number of samples with a measurement difference > 0.5 log(10) increased and the difference was found as statistically significant (p<0.001).Calibrating the Roche CMV CAP/CTM and Artus CMV-QS-RGQ tests with the WHO international CMV standard did not increase comparability between quantitative results in plasma samples, on the contrary, it was found that when the results were converted to IU/ml, a measurement difference indicating biologically significant viral replication was detected between the two test results.