Person: IŞIKLAR, SEFA
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IŞIKLAR
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SEFA
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Publication An association between femoral trochlear morphology and non-contact anterior cruciate ligament total rupture: A retrospective MRI study(Springer, 2021-01-06) Işıklar, Sefa; Özdemir, Senem Turan; Gökalp, Gökhan; IŞIKLAR, SEFA; Özdemir, Senem Turan; GÖKALP, GÖKHAN; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Sağlık Meslek Yüksekokulu/Tıbbi Görüntüleme Teknikleri Programı.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Anatomi Anabilim Dalı.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Radyoloji Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0002-2070-5193; AAI-2336-2021; AAK-3779-2021; FPU-9468-2022Introduction The present study aims to investigate the association of the femoral trochlear morphology with the risk of ACL injury and whether this can be considered an additional risk factor in this clinical table.Materials and methods This is a retrospective case-control study with 93 patients, 41 patients with ACL total rupture (ACL-TR), and 52 patients without ACL injury who underwent knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between January 2013 and January 2016. The femoral trochlear morphology was evaluated at the proximal and distal levels from the axial knee MRI. The morphological features of the trochlea using sulcus angle, sulcus depth, condylar heights, trochlear sulcus height, percentage of condyles and trochlear sulcus height to transepicondylar width, and lateral and medial trochlear inclination were evaluated. The notch width index was measured on the coronal MR images for notch stenos.Results ACL-TR group had a significantly higher sulcus angle (p = 0.00-0.001) and lower sulcus depth (p = 0.00-0.002) than the control group at both levels. Femoral trochlea had morphometric differences between genders. NWI was lower in the ACL-TR group than the control group (control 0.273; ACL-TR 0.247), and there was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.00).Conclusion This study was shown that the difference in morphology between the trochlear sulcus of patients with normal and ACL injuries should be taken into account in order to increase awareness of ACL injuries. We observed that mild trochlear dysplasia may cause intercondylar notch stenosis rather than changing the localization of the patella. Studies are needed regarding the effect of trochlear dysplasia on ACL.Publication Examination of the development and asymmetry of the cerebellum and its lobules in individuals aged 1-18 years: A retrospective mri study(Springer, 2023-08-08) IŞIKLAR, SEFA; Demir, İmren; DEMİR AKKUŞ, İMREN; Özdemir, Senem Turan; Özpar, Rıfat; ÖZPAR, RİFAT; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Anatomi Anabilim Dalı.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Radyoloj Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0002-2070-5193; 0000-0001-6649-9287; AAK-3779-2021; JCN-7254-2023Developmental studies of cerebellar lobules were limited. To our knowledge, structural asymmetry has not been studied in immature cerebellar lobules in the 1-18 age group. This study investigated the effect of age and gender on the volumetric development and asymmetry of the global cerebellum and cerebellar lobules in children and adolescents. In this retrospective study, we included 670 individuals [376 (56.1%) males] aged 1-18 years with normal brain MRIs between 2012 and 2021. volBrain CERES automatically segmented the right and left sides of the cerebellar lobules on three-dimensional T1-weighted MRIs. Volume and asymmetry data from individuals in 16 different age ranges were compared with SPSS (ver.28). The absolute volumetric development of the total cerebellum was consistent with the "S" development model in both sexes. The developmental trajectories of the cerebellar lobules were different from each other and showed sexual dimorphism. In the 1-18 age group, the absolute volumes of the total cerebellum and cerebellar lobules were significantly greater in males (p < 0.05). Absolute volumes of lobules IV, VIIB, VIIIA and VIIIB in the age groups had more gender differences. However, sexual dimorphism was insignificant in the cerebellum's total and lobular relative volume. Lobules IV, V, VI, VIIIA and VIIIB had left > right asymmetry and other lobules and total cerebellum had right > left asymmetry. This study confirmed the developmental heterogeneity and sexual dimorphism in the cerebellar lobules. It also provided volumetric data of the immature cerebellum to enable comparison in various neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases.Publication Hypothalamic volume and asymmetry in the pediatric population: A retrospective mri study(Springer Heidelberg, 2022-08-16) Işıklar, Sefa; IŞIKLAR, SEFA; Özdemir, Senem Turan; Özkaya, Güven; ÖZKAYA, GÜVEN; Özpar, Rıfat; ÖZPAR, RİFAT; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Anatomi Anabilim Dalı.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Biyoistatistik Anabilim Dalı.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Radyoloji Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0002-2070-5193; 0000-0003-0297-846X; 0000-0001-6649-9287; AAK-3779-2021; A-4421-2016This study investigated age- and sex-related changes in the volumetric development and asymmetry of the normal hypothalamus from birth to 18. Individuals aged 0-18 with MRI from 2012 to 2020 were selected for this retrospective study. Seven hundred individuals (369 [52.7%] Males) who had 3D-T1 sequences and were radiologically normal were included in the study. Hypothalamus volume was calculated using MRICloud automated segmentation pipelines. Hypothalamus asymmetry was calculated as the difference between right and left volumes divided by the mean (in percent). The measurement results of 23 age groups were analyzed with SPSS (ver.23). The mean hypothalamic volume in the first year of life reached 69% of the mean hypothalamic volume between 0 and 18 years (1119.01 +/- 196.09 mm(3)), 88% in the second year. The mean volume of the hypothalamus without mammillary body increased in the five-age segment, while it increased in the six-age segment with mammillary body. Although the hypothalamus volumes of males were larger than females in all age groups, a significant difference was found between the age groups of 3-8 and 12-18 years (p < 0.05). In the pediatric brain, the hypothalamus was right-lateralized between 2.39% and 14.02%. The first 2 years of life were critical in the volumetric development of the hypothalamus. A segmental and logarithmic increase in the hypothalamus volume was demonstrated. In the pediatric brain, asymmetry and sexual dimorphism were detected in the hypothalamus. Information on normal hypothalamus structure and development facilitates the recognition of abnormal developmental trajectories.Publication Three dimensional development and asymmetry of the corpus callosum in the 0-18 age group: A retrospective magnetic resonance imaging study(Wiley, 2022-12-26) Işıklar, Sefa; Özdemir, Senem Turan; Özkaya, Güven; Özpar, Rıfat; IŞIKLAR, SEFA; Özdemir, Senem Turan; ÖZKAYA, GÜVEN; ÖZPAR, RİFAT; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu/Tıbbi Görüntüleme Teknikleri Programı.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Anatomi Anabilim Dalı.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Biyoistatistik Bölümü Anabilim Dalı.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Radyoloji Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0002-2070-5193; 0000-0003-0297-846X; 0000-0001-6649-9287; AAK-3779-2021; A-4421-2016; AAH-5062-2021; FPU-9468-2022Most of the corpus callosum (CC) developmental studies are concerned with its two-dimensional structure. Linear and area measurements do not directly assess the CC size but estimate the overall structure from the cross-sectional image. This study investigated age- and sex-related changes in volumetric development and asymmetry of CC from birth to 18. For this retrospective study, we selected 696 patients (329 [47.27%] females) with both 3D-T1-weighted sequence and normal radiological anatomy from patients 0-18 years of age who had brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between 2012 and 2020. The genu, body, splenium, and total volume of CC were calculated using MRICloud. The measurement results of 23 age groups were analyzed with SPSS (ver.28). Total CC volume was 18740.76 +/- 4314.06 mm(3) between 0 and 18 years of age, and its ratio to total brain volume (TBV) was 1.70% +/- 0.23%. We observed that the total CC volume has six developmental periods 0 years, 1, 2-4, 5-9, 10-16, and 17-18 years. Genu and body grew in five developmental periods, while splenium in seven. There was intermittent sexual dimorphism in the CC volume in the first 4 years of life (p < 0.05). However, sex factor was insignificant in CC ratio to TBV. Total CC was right lateralized on average 1.81% (ranging -0.59% to 4.52%). Genu was 8.70% lateralized to the right, the body was 2.99% to the left, and the splenium was 1.41% to the right. The three-dimensional development of CC agreed with the two-dimensional developmental data of CC except for some differences.Publication Morphological evaluation of the normal and hydrocephalic third ventricle on cranial magnetic resonance imaging in children: A retrospective study(Springer, 2022-08-22) Işıklar, Sefa; IŞIKLAR, SEFA; ÖZPAR, RİFAT; Özdemir, Senem Turan; ÖZKAYA, GÜVEN; Özpar, Rıfat; PARLAK, MÜFİT; Parlak, Müfit; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Radyoloji Anabilim Dalı.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Anatomi Anabilim Dalı.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Biyoistatistik Anabilim Dalı.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi.; 0000-0002-2070-5193; 0000-0003-0297-846X; 0000-0001-6649-9287; A-4421-2016; AAK-3779-2021Background Third ventricle morphological changes reflect changes in the ventricular system in pediatric hydrocephalus, so visual inspection of the third ventricle shape is standard practice. However, normal pediatric reference data are not available. Objective To investigate both the normal development of the third ventricle in the 0-18-year age group and changes in its biometry due to hydrocephalus. Materials and methods For this retrospective study, we selected individuals ages 0-18 years who had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from 2012 to 2020. We included 700 children (331 girls) who had three-dimensional (3-D) T1-weighted sequences without and 25 with hydrocephalus (11 girls). We measured the distances between the anatomical structures limiting the third ventricle by dividing the third ventricle into anterior and posterior regions. We made seven linear measurements and three index calculations using 3DSlicer and MRICloud pipeline, and we analyzed the results of 23 age groups in normal and hydrocephalic patients using SPSS (v. 23). Results Salient findings are: (1) The posterior part of the third ventricle is more affected by both developmental and hydrocephalus-related changes. (2) For third ventricle measurements, gender was insignificant while age was significant. (3) Normal third ventricular volumetric development showed a segmental increase in the 0-18 age range. The hydrocephalic third ventricle volume cut-off value in this age group was 3 cm(3). Conclusion This study describes third ventricle morphometry using a linear measurement method. The ratios defined in the midsagittal plane were clinically useful for diagnosing the hydrocephalic third ventricle. The linear and volumetric reference data and ratios are expected to help increase diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing normal and hydrocephalic third ventricles.Publication Redesign of missing mandible by determining age group and gender from morphometric features of skull for facial reconstruction (approximation)(Springer Heidelberg, 2021-05-01) Babacan, Serdar; Işıklar, Sefa; Kafa, İlker Mustafa; Gökalp, Gökhan; GÖKALP, GÖKHAN; KAFA, İLKER MUSTAFA; IŞIKLAR, SEFA; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/ Sağlık Hizmetleri MYO; 0000-0002-7410-7738; 0000-0002-2070-5193; 0000-0001-8309-0934; AAK-3779-2021; AAG-7125-2021; GMO-0473-2022The identification of an unknown person by facial reconstruction, gender, and age determination is one of the duties of the forensic sciences. In some cases, the skull and mandible cannot be obtained together. In this case, facial reconstruction of the skull without a mandible becomes a serious problem. The aim of our study was to design the mandible suitable for the anatomic structure of the skull by first determining the age group and gender of the skull for skulls without mandible. Our study was carried out on 3D-CT images provided in Bursa Uludag University Radiology Department. Individuals were divided into five age groups considering tooth and bone development. Our study was conducted on 282 3D-BT images. Twenty-three variables on the mandible and 54 variables on the skull were examined. SPSS 20.0 was performed for the developing the regression formulas, discriminant function analysis, and descriptive and comparative statistics. Comparative and descriptive statistical findings between sexes and age groups are presented in tables. Discriminant function analyzes were performed for age group and gender determination. Regression formulas were developed for the redesign of the missing mandible suitable for the skull anatomy. We believe that our thesis will be useful for forensic scientists and anthropologists with the regression formulas that will design the mandible suitable for the anatomy of the skulls without the mandible and age group determination by discriminant analysis method with morphometric data.Publication Examination of facial convexity and concavity values with reference to the external acoustic pore: A retrospective study(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2023-05) Çini, Nilgün Tuncel; Babacan, Serdar; Sak, Nazan Güner; Işıklar, Sefa; Arı, İlknur; Gökalp, Gökhan; IŞIKLAR, SEFA; ARI, İLKNUR; GÖKALP, GÖKHAN; Sak, Nazan Güner; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi; 0000-0002-2070-5193; HNN-1671-2023; AAK-3779-2021; ELI-9107-2022; GMO-0473-2022The human skull serves as an essential material for facial reconstruction. In particular, the petrous part of the temporal bone is vital due to its compact structure, which can resist mechanical forces. The study aims to give descriptive values to estimate the face shape and produce regression formulas through the external acoustic pore as a reference point. The study was carried out on 3-dimensional computed tomography images, a total of 83 adult images (45 females and 38 males) in the Department of Radiology of Bursa Uludag University Medical Faculty. The distances between the imaginary vertical line passing through the porion and the anthropometric points revealing the facial features were measured for the soft and hard tissue. The vertical distances between the soft and hard tissue landmarks were also measured for both sexes. Measurements were performed with the Image J program, and for the statistical analysis, SPSS 25.0 was used (P < 0.005). Linear simple regression analysis was used to produce formulas to estimate the soft tissue thickness using hard tissue. Also, discriminant function analysis was performed to determine sex in the presence of an unknown skull. The descriptive values of the variables on the axial and vertical planes and the differences between sexes are given. Also, all formulas make accurate predictions of 90% or more. The authors tried to estimate the anatomical points that roughly reveal the facial features with the regression formulas developed using anthropometric measurements. The authors think that the shape of the face, which is more specific to the individual, can be reached more clearly using mathematical models, and the authors believe that this study will set an example for future studies.