Person: KIVILCIM ÇORAKBAŞ, FİGEN
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KIVILCIM ÇORAKBAŞ
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FİGEN
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Publication Politics of loss in a world heritage site: The case of the historic vegetable gardens of the land walls of İstanbul(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022-01-04) Aksoy, Asu; Çorakbaş, Figen Kıvılcım; KIVILCIM ÇORAKBAŞ, FİGEN; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mimarlık Fakültesi; 0000-0001-6932-3703; ABD-9438-2022This paper addresses issues concerning the Istanbul Land Walls Component Area, part of the World Heritage Site of the Historic Areas of Istanbul. The discussion focuses on the conservation status of the historic vegetable gardens (bostanlar in Turkish) in the area adjacent to the monument. The central concern is with the problematical situation, where the agricultural space and culture of the gardens are being denied heritage status, and are presently in the process of being destroyed. The immediate threat to the gardens comes from the forces of urban renewal projects that have been unleashed in Istanbul over the last two decades. It has been extremely difficult for various heritage experts and organizations to effectively challenge the commercial and political imperatives of urban regeneration. First, there is the issue of confronting an institutional and legal edifice with a singular commitment to urban renewal, characterized by an insensitivity to the complexities of urban sites. Furthermore, the core issue resides at the conceptual level, pertaining to the tension between an architectural and monumentalist approach to conservation, on the one hand, and an approach sensitive to cultural landscape, on the other. The fate of the bostanlar will depend upon some form of negotiation and reasonable accommodation between these two contrary perspectives.Publication Understanding, interpreting and presenting heritage sites that lack integrity: The case of the old arifiye village institute campus(Middle East Technical Univ, 2023-01-01) Savaş Okumuş,Hande; Kıvılcım Çorakbaş, Figen; KIVILCIM ÇORAKBAŞ, FİGEN; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mimarlık Fakültesi.; JFA-4397-2023; ABD-9438-2022One of UNESCO's evaluation criteria for cultural and natural World Heritage Sites is the concept of integrity, which measures the completeness of a natural or cultural heritage site's tangible architectural, urban, and environmental qualities. On the other hand, cultural significance is not only embodied in the tangible aspects of heritage but also inherent in the intangible aspects like associations, meetings, memory, and records. Considering that numerous sites that do have significant heritage values do not meet this integrity criterion, this paper argues that heritage sites that lack "integrity" can partially regain and revive their heritage values through an integrated evaluation and on-site presentation of their tangible and intangible cultural qualities. Similarly, the restoration of integrity by the in situ presentation techniques can promote the appreciation of the site's architectural, cultural and historical values. Through an integrated methodology, this study analyzes the tangible and intangible cultural qualities of the Arifiye Old Village Institute campus, a heritage site that lacks integrity. Additionally, this paper discusses the role of digital technologies in the interpretation and presentation of the values of this campus. Village Institute campuses were situated in twenty-one different locations in Turkey; they were created to carry out modernization efforts and facilitate the construction of modern Turkish identity in the rural areas of the new Turkish Republic. The architectural projects of fifteen of the twenty-one Village Institute campuses, including the Arifiye Village Institute, were obtained through national architectural competitions. The architectural program included ateliers, classrooms, administrative buildings, service buildings, dining halls, dormitories, sports halls and open-air sports areas, and, in some cases, music schools and facilities for fishing. The Arifiye Village Institute was founded in Kocaeli in 1940. The educational and spatial history of the Arifiye Village Institute began with building of the Arifiye instructor course buildings in 1937. In 1940, the architect Recai Akcay was awarded first prize in the national architectural competition for his design of the Arifiye Village Institute. The construction of the buildings was considered part of the training education, and students built many of the buildings at Arifiye, including those in the instructor course area, the competition project area, and at other locations, like on the shores of nearby Sapanca Lake. The Arifiye Village Institute differs from other institute campuses, which were mostly confined to just one location. Although the Arifiye Village Institute has been an educational campus since its establishment, most of its original buildings are now lost. As a result of a Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism decision in 2000, a single building on the campus was registered as cultural heritage; that is a first step but is insufficient for conserving the site as a whole. The physical changes, in parallel with the changing educational systems over time, transformed the spatial characteristics of the campus. Functional changes to the existing buildings, a non-holistic conservation approach, demolition decisions, and the addition of architectural buildings incompatible with the character of the campus damaged its integrity.The Arifiye Village Institute campus, which has architectural, historical, political, and educational values, needs to be handled with an integrated conservation approach that prioritizes its tangible remains and intangible cultural heritage values. This article explores the importance of interpretation and on-site digital presentation for this campus and for other heritage sites that have lost their integrity. Using on-site digital presentation techniques to explain, interpret, and present the cultural significance of the Arifiye Village Institute and its tangible and intangible heritage values is an efficient and beneficial way to approach the conservation of heritage sites that have limited architectural remains.Publication Nineteenth-century conservation of byzantine heritage in the ottoman empire: The significance of the 1893 İstanbul historic peninsula fortification map(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023-07-27) ACAR BİLGİN, ELİF; KIVILCIM ÇORAKBAŞ, FİGEN; Çorakbaş, Figen Kıvılcım; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mimarlık Fakültesi.; AAH-2812-2021; ABD-9438-2022; JCP-4412-2023City walls are essential urban elements contributing to the identity of historical cities. Their significance as a component of a city's image is reflected on historical city maps, revealing the physical traces of urban history. The Istanbul Historic Peninsula, a multi-layered historical city centre surrounded by Byzantine-period walls, has been represented on different maps and drawings by Ottoman and foreign experts ever since the fifteenth century. One of the first architectural documentation studies focusing on these city walls is the Historic Peninsula Fortification (HPF) Map, dated 1893. Archival and literature research shows that the map is a copy of the Nineteenth-Century Istanbul Map, also called the Ayverdi Map. In this paper, we discuss the value of the 1893 Istanbul HPF Map as a historical document, its properties, and its historical and cultural significance for documenting the city walls for conservation purposes in the Ottoman period.Publication Between demolition and (un)intended conservation: The approach of the Ottoman state to the istanbul city walls in the light of the nineteenth-century archival documents(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022-08-12) Bilgin, Elif Acar; Çorakbaş, Figen Kıvılcım; ACAR BİLGİN, ELİF; KIVILCIM ÇORAKBAŞ, FİGEN; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Mimarlık Bölümü; 0000-0001-6932-3703; 0000-0001-9589-9757; AAH-2812-2021; ABD-9438-2022City walls have played a significant role in the history of many cities in both Europe and Anatolia in the Middle Ages. Following the development of war technology, the city walls lost their importance as defensive structures, which led to changes in the urban patterns of walled cities.In the case of Istanbul, the city walls began to lose their defensive role after the Ottoman takeover of the city in the fifteenth century. However, the walls have continued to play new roles beyond defense, such as forming the city's physical, legal, and fiscal boundaries. The Ottoman authorities repaired and conserved the city walls in line with their changing roles, values and meaning for the city. Nevertheless, the city walls in Istanbul were damaged by earthquakes, city fires and particularly urban planning practices in the nineteenth century, as was the case in many walled cities.This paper discusses the intertwined history of preservation and demolition of the city walls by analyzing a cost estimate, dated 1894 and located in the Ottoman State Archives, which was prepared by the modernizing administration of the Ottoman State for the repairs of the Istanbul Land Walls.