Person: SALİHOĞLU, GÜRAY
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SALİHOĞLU
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GÜRAY
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Publication Incorporation of solar-heated aeration and greenhouse in grass composting(Springer, 2021-01-26) Poblete, Rodrigo; Salihoğlu, Güray; Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; SALİHOĞLU, GÜRAY; SALİHOĞLU, NEZİH KAMİL; Mühendislik Fakültesi; Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0003-0714-048X; AAG-9399-2021; AAG-9413-2021Composting is an environment-friendly method for recycling organic waste, and incorporation of heat and aeration can enhance favorable conditions for microbial growth in the process. This research aimed to evaluate the influence of the introduction of solar heat and aeration to the waste grass exposed to the composting process. The compost piles studied were subjected to different processes: application of solar-heated aeration, only-aeration, solar heating with a greenhouse, and control. Solar-heated air was introduced to a compost pile of grass clippings and compared with a greenhouse compost system. The composting process of 70 days was monitored for temperature, oxygen, moisture, organic matter loss, and humification rate. Germination index has been used to evaluate the maturation of the composts produced. The highest temperature was obtained at the compost pile with the greenhouse. This system reached the highest temperature (68.2 degrees C) on day 15; the ambient temperature on that day was 20.6 degrees C. The decreases in the C/N ratios after day 70 of composting were 20% and 15% for the greenhouse and the system where solar-heated air was introduced, respectively. Although the temperature of the solar-heated air was higher than that of the greenhouse, thermophilic temperature levels could not be reached in the aerated compost pile, which indicated a cooling effect of excessive aeration even with the heated air. Composting of grass clippings resulted in a decrease in organic matter content and enhancement in seed germination and root growth, obtaining high GI levels, inferring no phytotoxicity. This study showed that composting of grass clippings with low C/N ratios and high humidity can still be possible by using solar energy.Publication Marble sludge recycling by using geopolymerization technology(Asce-amer Soc Civil Engineers, 2018-10-01) Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; Salihoğlu, Güray; SALİHOĞLU, NEZİH KAMİL; SALİHOĞLU, GÜRAY; Mühendislik Fakültesi; Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0003-0714-048X; AAG-9399-2021; AAG-9413-2021The purpose of this study was to investigate the recycling potential of marble sludge, which is generated from the cutting and grinding of marble. Geopolymerization technology was applied to this aim. Waste marble sludge was combined with cement, fly ash, clay, gypsum, and blast furnace slag in different combinations to prepare paste samples without aggregate. NaSilNaOH and 8M NaOH solutions were used as alkaline activators for geopolymerization. Samples were analyzed for unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and the formulations yielding the highest UCS results were determined. The sample prepared using the NaSilNaOH solution and containing 25% fly ash, 25% cement, 25% blast furnace slag, and 25% marble sludge yielded the highest UCS level among the samples, 52MPa. The results of the study showed that marble sludge is a suitable material for geopolymerization purposes and yields high compressive strength compared to standard cement paste.Publication Life cycle assessment for municipal waste management: Analysis for Bursa(Pamukkale Üniversitesi, 2019-01-01) Salihoğlu, Güray; Poroy, Zehra; Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; SALİHOĞLU, GÜRAY; Poroy, Zehra; SALİHOĞLU, NEZİH KAMİL; Mühendislik Fakültesi; Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0003-0714-048X; AAG-9413-2021; AAG-9399-2021; DLX-7345-2022Solid waste management model of the city of Bursa that responds to the waste management needs of the city creates a burden on the environment, like every other activity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the environmental burden arising from municipal solid waste management in Bursa and to determine the necessary steps to be taken to reduce this. Environmental burden was analyzed by using life cycle assessment (LCA) approach and landfill gas impact modeling. Municipal waste management steps, namely collection and transport, transport to transfer station, landfilling, energy conversion from landfill gas, were included into the system boundaries in LCA. SimaPro 8.5.0 software was used for the LCA study, and EPA LandGem model was employed for the assessment of the impact by landfill gas. The findings of the study showed that the emissions reduced by the landfill gas to energy plant in one year is approximately 0.5 million ton CO2 equivalent, and the contribution of municipal waste, which is mainly managed by landfilling, to the global warming in one year is approximately 44 million ton CO2 equivalent. The approximate contribution of municipal waste management to smog formation was calculated as 55 million ton O-3 equivalent, the contribution to depletion of ozone layer was 647 kg CFC-11 equivalent, and to carcinogenic substance formation was 22.5 CTUh. Its inhalation impact was found as 1732 ton PM10 equivalent.Publication Automotive paint sludge: A review of pretreatments and recovery options(Mdpi, 2023-04-01) Ruffino, Barbara; Campo, Giuseppe; İdris, Siti Shawalliah; Zanetti, Mariachiara; Salihoğlu, Güray; SALİHOĞLU, GÜRAY; Mühendislik Fakültesi; Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü; AAG-9399-2021Automotive paint sludge (PS) is the waste product generated in the painting process of vehicle bodies. Although automotive spray painting is an automated operation, its efficiency is still quite low, since approximately 40-50% of the employed paint does not reach the target and, after being mixed with the collecting water, becomes PS. PS is a very complex material that contains several organic and inorganic components, in addition to 90% water immediately after production. Italian automotive factories produce from 2.5 to 5.0 kg of PS per painted car. If that figure is related to the number of vehicles produced worldwide every year, in the order of 100 million, it determines an annual PS amount in the order of 200,000-500,000 t. Consequently, a proper final destination for PS must be found. The waste management hierarchy and the principles of the circular economy require that we privilege solutions that foresee the recovery of valuable products or energy. This paper first reviews the processes and the machines that have been recently developed to obtain an enhanced mechanical dewatering of PS. The pretreatment of PS dewatering is often crucial in order to obtain high efficiency in the subsequent recovery process. Afterwards, the paper presents and discusses the recovery options that have been proposed and tested, at different scales, by several authors in the last thirty years. The processes for PS management can be grouped as follows: (i) direct employment of physically/chemically treated PS in the production of primers and sealants; (ii) utilization of PS for the production of building materials, as supplementary components of cement concrete, mortar, or bituminous mixtures; (iii) extraction of valuable organic and inorganic products by using thermal processes (pyrolysis, gasification); (iv) biological processes for PS detoxification, metal recovery, and stabilization before landfilling.Publication Microwave drying of automotive industry paint sludge(Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers, 2018-10-01) Yenikaya, Sibel; Salihoğlu, Güray; Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; Yenikaya, Gökhan; YENİKAYA, SİBEL; SALİHOĞLU, GÜRAY; SALİHOĞLU, NEZİH KAMİL; YENİKAYA, GÖKHAN; Mühendislik Fakültesi; Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0003-0714-048X; AAG-9399-2021; AAG-9413-2021; KIE-8936-2024; EEJ-1855-2022The moisture content of process sludges generated by industries is an important problem affecting the cost and convenience of sludge management. Sludge can be dried to decrease its volume and reduce most of the moisture. This research analyzes the microwave drying process of water-based paint sludge from the automotive industry by investigating the influence of dielectric constant, sludge form (raw or ground), drying method (microwave and conventional), drying period, and air curing, and by conducting numerical modeling. The drying period of sewage sludge is also analyzed for comparison. The moisture losses range between 8 and 12% and between 26 and 31% for 5 and 10min microwave drying periods, respectively. The moisture losses obtained with conventional heating range between 0.2 and 1.2% and between 0.7 and 2.9% for 5 and 10min drying, respectively. Air curing of the samples following microwave drying results in a 3% increase in the moisture losses. Numerical modeling results show that the dielectric characteristics of the paint sludge might change during the drying process inside the oven and different chemical compositions of the sludges might lead to temperature changes during the drying process. By modeling the microwave oven, it is possible to determine the regions that can dissipate more heat without measuring, which is confirmed with the dissipated power density maps and electric field distribution obtained.Publication Disinfection of the water recovered from drying of aquaculture scallop sludge(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023-12-06) Poblete, Rodrigo; Valencia, Leslie; SALİHOĞLU, GÜRAY; Salihoğlu, N. Kamil; SALİHOĞLU, NEZİH KAMİL; Mühendislik Fakültesi; Çevre Mühendisliği BölümüA substantial volume of saline sludge with high water content is generated by the aquaculture industry, particularly during bivalve production. The reclamation of water from this sludge becomes particularly crucial in arid regions. This study is the first of its kind to focus on recovering water from sludge produced during the aquaculture of scallops and the subsequent disinfection of this water to remove heterotrophic microorganisms. The method employed involved a solar still followed by a condensation system for water recovery. We obtained 250 kg of wet sludge from the industrial production of scallop culture (Argopecten purpuratus) through the rotary drum filter, which is used for lantern washing. This sludge was subjected to drying in a solar still dryer. The vapor generated during the drying process was condensed using a heat exchanger, resulting in the recovery of 1680 mL of water, accounting for 91% of the sludge mass, with a Gain Output Ratio of 1.6. The recovered water un-derwent disinfection using various methods, including UV-A, UV-A/O3, UV-C, UV-C/O3, and O3. Among these, the UV-C/O3 process demonstrated the highest removal of Total Cultivable Bacteria, achieving complete disin-fection within 60 min of treatment. UV-C was the second most effective treatment, with a bacteria removal rate of 99.92% in the same timeframe. Electrical energy used to reduce bacteria concentration by one order of magnitude was 12.96 kWh/m3 when UV-C process was applied, and 32.92 kWh/m3 when UV-C/O3 process was applied. In conclusion, this study showcases that a significant quantity of water can be reclaimed from scallop sludge through a combination of solar drying and a condensation system. Moreover, this recovered water can be efficiently disinfected using the UV-C/O3 process.Publication Recycling of sewage sludge incineration ashes as construction material(Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi, 2020-01-01) Yiğit, Berna; Salihoğlu, Güray; Mardani-Aghabaglou, Ali; Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; Özen, Süleyman; Yiğit, Berna; SALİHOĞLU, GÜRAY; MARDANİ, ALİ; SALİHOĞLU, NEZİH KAMİL; Mühendislik Fakültesi; Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0003-0714-048X; 0000-0003-0326-5015; AAG-9399-2021; AAG-9413-2021; AAJ-6415-2021; C-7860-2015; EHO-7411-2022Sewage sludges that are originating from the municipal wastewater treatment plants of Bursa city have been incinerated with a fluidized bed reactor of 400 tons/day capacity since 2017. Each month, on an average, 615 tons of ash is generated as a waste of the incineration process, which needs disposal. The purpose of this study was to investigate if the sludge incinerator ash can be recycled as a construction material. Stabilization/solidification (S/S) and geopolymerization technologies were applied to the sludge ash with this aim. Portland cement, fly ash from a coal-fired power plant, and marble sludge were used as binders. S/S samples were activated with water, while geopolymer samples were activated with 8MNaOH and NaSilNaOH solutions. The prepared paste samples were air-cured for 28 days and analyzed for compressive strength and heavy metals leaching. S/S samples containing sludge ash yielded a compressive strength level of 21.8 MPa, while geopolymer samples resulted in a compressive strength level of 50.0 MPa. Higher compressive strength levels of several samples containing waste sludge ash than that of the control samples without waste were noticed. Leaching tests showed that heavy metals leaching from the samples prepared with sludge ash were much lower than the legal limit values for toxicity. Both leaching tests and compressive strength tests showed that sludge ash has the potential to be considered as a construction material.Publication Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) levels in sludges from wastewater treatment plants in Bursa(Yildiz Technical Univ, 2011-01-01) Taşdemir, Yücel; Salihoğlu, N. Kamil; SALİHOĞLU, NEZİH KAMİL; Salihoğlu, Güray; SALİHOĞLU, GÜRAY; Mühendislik Fakültesi; Çevre Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı; 0000-0003-0714-048X; 0000-0002-6192-8609; AAG-9413-2021; AAG-9399-2021The purpose of this study was to investigate the polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations in sludge samples from urban and industrial wastewater treatment plants(WWTP) in Bursa city. Sludge samples were collected from 6 wastewater treatment plants in June 2008. The samples were ultrasonically extracted and PAH contents of the samples were measured by using GC-MS. The highest PAH level was observed in automotive industry WWTP sludge among the other industries. Urban WWTP sludge was in the second order with regards to the PAH levels. 5 and 6 ring PAH compounds were dominant in almost all sludge samples studied. The ratios of specific PAH compounds suggested that the PAHs in the sludge samples were combustion originated.Publication Characterization and management of the solid and hazardous wastes from manufacturing industry(Asce-amer Soc Civil Engineers, 2019-04-01) Salihoğlu, Güray; SALİHOĞLU, GÜRAY; Mühendislik Fakültesi; Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0003-0714-048X; AAG-9399-2021Publication Photocatalytic degradation of chlothianidin: Effect of humic acids, nitrates, and oxygen(Pleiades Publishing Inc, 2019-12-01) Kralj, M. B.; Mazur, D. M.; Lebedev, A. T.; Trebse, P.; Dilcan, E. G.; Salihoğlu, G.; SALİHOĞLU, GÜRAY; Mühendislik Fakültesi; Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü; AAG-9399-2021The use of neonicotinoid insecticides has been constantly revised because of their impact on bees, causing their decrease and bee malady. Unfortunately, because of the worldwide differences in pesticide regulation, chlothianidin is still allowed in European Union for greenhouse use and worldwide in some cases without any restictions. Lately, it was detected on soil particles and in raw and drinking waters. The preparation of drinking waters implies different purification processes, including chlorination, ozonation, and UV irradiation and nowadays advanced oxidation processes, including TiO2. The TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of chlothianidin in the presence of oxygen, nitrate, and humic acids was followed by kinetic studies, whereas the photoproducts formed were identified by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The efficiency of different set-ups of the photocatalytic degradation of chlothianidin was evaluated by the identification of photoproducts and bioluminescence inhibition of bacteria Vibrio fischeri. The results indicate that less harmful photoproducts are generated in the samples with added humic acids.