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KAYNAMAZOĞLU, ZEYNEP SENA

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KAYNAMAZOĞLU

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ZEYNEP SENA

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    A civil phenomenon in the shadow of mourning: Religious associations in Iran
    (Aves, 2022-12-01) Kaynamazoğlu, Zeynep Sena; KAYNAMAZOĞLU, ZEYNEP SENA; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/İlahiyat Fakültesi/İslam Mezhepleri Tarihi Ana Bilim Dalı; 0000-0002-2285-7385; AAH-5124-2021
    The strongest element of Shi'ite popular religiosity is the mourning ceremonies performed in Moharram. MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RINGAsura and similar religious ceremonies allow Shi'ite Muslims to renew their ties with the twelve Imams, especially Imam Husayn (d. 61/680) and to keep their collective memories alive. These ceremonies that constitute an important component of private religiosity have a comprehensive social and political aspect. One of the most important examples of this in con-temporary Iran is the religious associations (hey'at, plural hey'atha) composed of people who came together to perform religious ceremonies. Religious associations are a unique phenomenon produced by Iranian society in the modern period though the Fotowwa tradition (Javanmardi) has a strong influence on them. They are remarkable in terms of bringing people from different economic and social classes together on a common platform. Religious associations are dynamic structures with high mobility due to their civil and informal nature. This dynamism enabled them to play a key role in the Iranian Islamic Revolution and the Iran-Iraq war. As social conditions and styles of religiosity have changed, nature of religious associations has also changed; therefore, the authority wants to take them under control. This study reveals the social and political influence of popular religiosity by addressing the historical and religious origins and structure and social functions of the religious associations in addition to their relationship with politics.
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    Experiencing al-Husayn's suffering: Gamahzani in the shi'i mourning tradition
    (Bursa İlahiyat Vakfi, 2023-01-01) Kaynamazoğlu, Zeynep Sena; KAYNAMAZOĞLU, ZEYNEP SENA; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi; 0000-0002-2285-7385; AAH-5124-2021
    Qamahzani (or qamazani, qama-zani, i.e., mortifying oneself with a sharp object) is one of the most controversial components of the Shi'i mourning culture. This ceremony aims to share and experience al-Imam al-Husayn's pain, and it has been performed by various Shi'i communities for the last centuries. Historical data show that qamahzani has been practiced in Iran since the Safavid period and spread to other countries with large Shi'i populations, such as Syria and Iraq, during the Qajar period. Travel books that describe mourning in Iran during the Safavid period provide essential data about the first examples of qamahzani, its transformation, and its place in popular religiosity. In addition, since the Safavid era, Shi'i scholars have adopted different attitudes toward qamahzani, and this ritual has been the subject of politics as well as piety. This article aims to understand the historical course of qamahzani as well as its relationship with religion and politics and, indirectly, to question the power of high religious discourse to shape popular religiosity.