Person: PALA, KAYIHAN
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Publication Premature deaths attributable to long-term exposure to PM 2.5 in Turkey(Springer, 2021-05-16) Pala, Kayıhan; Aykaç, Nilüfer; Yasın, Yeşim; PALA, KAYIHAN; Tıp Fakültesi; Halk Sağlığı Ana Bilim Dalı; 0000-0002-0983-4904; GEW-1272-2022This research aims to reveal the premature deaths caused by long-term exposure to PM2.5 in 2018 in Turkey utilizing the AirQ+ program developed by the World Health Organization. Calculation of yearly average PM2.5 concentration in provinces, acreage of provinces, and the mortality rate of the at-risk population was the data required for the operation of the AirQ+ program. With the help of the AirQ+ program, the results revealed that a total of 44,617 people (95% CI 29.882-57.709) died prematurely due to sustained exposure to PM2.5 in Turkey in 2018. The highest estimated mortality proportion attributable to PM2.5 pollution was in the provinces of Igdir and Kahramanmaras. The highest estimated number of mortality cases per 100,000 population attributable to PM2.5 pollution was in the provinces of Manisa and Afyonkarahisar. This research points out that reaching the PM2.5 limits specified by the WHO could have prevented 44,617 premature deaths in the year 2018 in Turkey.Publication Evaluation of COVİD-19 pandemic management in Turkiye(Frontiers Media Sa, 2023-03-23) Kartoğlu, Ümit; Pala, Kayıhan; PALA, KAYIHAN; Tıp Fakültesi; GEW-1272-2022Three years since the first cases were identified and 2 years since an effective vaccine was developed, COVID-19 continues to claim lives and impact people's health and wellbeing, both socially and economically. While the world has been waiting for its leaders to come together to form a collective response to end the pandemic, we still have not seen a multisectoral response, nor any whole-of-society approach. Like many other countries around the globe, Turkiye was caught unprepared by the pandemic. This was exacerbated by the unsuccessful management of the pandemic by the authorities. The reasoning and/or scientific explanations for enforcing or lifting public health measures have never shared with the public. Throughout the pandemic, no epidemiological details have been released on cases and deaths, other than the numbers of these two measures. Civil society organizations, professional associations, and the public in general have been kept out from policy formulation and decision making. As a result, community engagement has never been properly put into practice. In this paper, we analyzed Turkiye's pandemic management response through the continuum of the response cycle to emergencies: prevention, preparedness, readiness, response, and recovery.Publication All-cause excess mortality in 2020: The example of Bursa city in Turkey(Tasarım Bilişim, 2021-12-01) Pala, KayIhan; Yürekli, Neşe; Çağaç, Nil Kader; Türkkan, Alpaslan; PALA, KAYIHAN; YÜREKLİ, NEŞE; ÇAĞAÇ, NİL KADER; TÜRKKAN, ALPASLAN; Tıp Fakültesi; Halk Sağlığı Ana Bilim Dalı; 0000-0002-0983-4904; 0000-0002-9707-0675; 0000-0001-5267-5008; 0000-0002-6723-1829; GEW-1272-2022; JNJ-8483-2023; JNF-1087-2023; JNM-0660-2023Background: This study aimed to estimate excess all-cause mortality rates in Bursa Province in 2020. Methods: In this study, a retrospective descriptive analysis of the mortality rates in Bursa, Turkey's fourth biggest city, between 2015-2020 was conducted. The data were taken from Bursa Metropolitan Municipality death records. Daily mortality data were classified as age, gender, the date and cause of death (communicable or non-communicable disease). An Excel mortality calculator was used to analyze the data and calculate the excess mortality. Excess mortality was calculated with a 5-year death average. The excess mortality-expected death ratio (P-score) was calculated as a percentage difference between the average number of deaths in 2015-2019 and the number of deaths in the same period (week or month) of 2020. The Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: In 2020 in Bursa, crude excess mortality was calculated as 5390 (95% CI: 4525-6256) compared to the previous five years' average, and the P-score was 35%. Excess mortality decreased in the 0-14 age group in both genders and increased mainly in the 65+ age group. In 2020, 85.3% of the excess mortality was due to communicable diseases, and 4596 (95% CI: 4562-4631) people reported to die due to communicable diseases. Thus, deaths because of communicable diseases increased approximately 76 times in 2020 compared to the previous five years' average. Conclusion: Compared to the previous five years' average, the annual number of deaths in Bursa increased by approximately one-third in 2020, and most of the excess deaths were due to communicable diseases. For the use of revealing the actual burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on all-cause mortality, it is crucial to assess the extreme all-cause mortality.Publication Covid-19: Case and death notification problems in Turkey(Aves, 2020-05-05) Pala, Kayıhan; PALA, KAYIHAN; Tıp Fakültesi; Halk Sağlığı Ana Bilim Dalı; 0000-0002-0983-4904; F-7816-2013Publication The effect of house visits on hypertension control in the elderly: A study from Bursa, Turkey(Güneş Kitabevi, 2015-01-13) Pala, Kayıhan; Gerçek, Harika; Türkkan, Alpaslan; PALA, KAYIHAN; Gerçek, Harika; TÜRKKAN, ALPASLAN; Tıp Fakültesi; Halk Sağlığı Ana Bilim Dalı; 0000-0002-6723-1829; 0000-0002-0983-4904; AAH-2931-2021; F-7816-2013; EXQ-7817-2022Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of house visits on hypertension control in the elderly.Materials and Method: In Bursa, the Nilufer Public Health Training and Research Area conducts a follow-up program for the elderly. Nurses and midwives visit people over 65 years of age every six months, which is a new practice in Turkey. During these visits, they measure blood pressure and ask questions about their patients' health conditions. If the patients' blood pressure is high then they are referred to a physician. In that case, the patients are also re-visited by the nurse or midwife the following month to check whether they consulted a physician and to observe the current condition of the patients' health. Follow-up cards of elderly patients were analysed. People who were visited regularly every six months and who had four blood pressure measurements (1063 women and 713 men) were included.Results: The prevalence of women with normal blood pressure (normal, prehypertension or controlled) was 34.5% at the first visit and it increased to 46.4% at the fourth visit (p < 0.05). For men, the corresponding percentages were 41.4% and 54.4%, respectively (p < 0.05).Conclusion: In this study, there was a positive effect of house visits by public health nurses and midwives on hypertension management in the elderly.