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Browsing İndeksli Yayınlar by Type "Preprint"
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Item Open Access The effect of Ni and Sb Oxide precursors, and of Ni composition, synthesis conditions and operating parameters on the activity, selectivity and durability of Sb-doped SnO2 anodes modified with Ni(Electrochemical Society, 2013) Christensen, Paul Andrew; Zakaria, Khalid; Christensen, Henriette; Yonar, Taner; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0002-0387-0656; AAD-9468-2019; 6505923781This paper reports the effect of employing Ni & Sb oxide precursors ( instead of chlorides) in the preparation of Ni/Sb-SnO2 anodes on the activity and selectivity of ozone production in 1.0M HClO4. The effect of catalyst loading, Ni content in the precursor solution, furnace temperature and constant current density vs constant cell voltage operation is reported. The optimum composition was found to be Sn: Sb: Ni = 100: 6: 1, giving a maximum current efficiency of ca. 38% at a current density of 100 mA cm(-2), the latter higher than previously reported. The durability of anodes prepared using NiO and Sb2O3 at 550 degrees C during electrolysis at 100 mA cm(-2) in 1M HClO4 was found to be 200 hours, again significantly higher than Ni/Sb-SnO2 anodes prepared using the chloride precursors at lower temperatures.Item Open Access Hybrid simulated annealing and tabu search method for the electric travelling salesman problem with time windows and mixed charging rates(Pergamon-Elsevier Science, 2019-05-27) Dewil, Reginald; Cattrysse, Dirk; Küçükoğlu, İlker; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Endüstri Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0002-5075-0876; D-8543-2015; 55763879600The electric travelling salesman problem with time windows (ETSPTW) is an extension of the well-known travelling salesman problem with time windows (TSPTW). The ETSPTW additionally considers recharging operations of the electric vehicle at identical charging stations. However, different charging technologies used at public or private stations result in different charging times of the electric vehicles. Therefore, this study extends the ETSPTW by additionally considering charging operations at customer locations with different charging rates, called hereafter the electric travelling salesman problem with time windows and mixed charging rates (ETSPTW-MCR). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that considers both private and public charging stations for the ETSPTW. In addition to the extended version of the ETSPTW, this paper introduces a new and effective hybrid Simulated Annealing/Tabu Search (SA/TS) algorithm to solve the ETSPTW-MCR problem efficiently. Distinct from the existing hybridization of SA and TS, the proposed hybrid SA/TS algorithm employs efficient search procedures based on the TSPTW restrictions, a modified solution acceptance criterion, and an advanced tabu list structure. Moreover, an improved dynamic programming procedure is integrated to optimally find the charging station visits in shorter computational times. The proposed hybrid SA/TS is tested on several TSPTW and ETSPTW benchmark problems and compared with well-known solution approaches. Results of these experiments show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other considered competitor algorithms both with regard to solution quality and computational time. Furthermore, 26 new best results are obtained for the ETSPTW instances. In addition, the hybrid algorithm is applied to a new problem set generated for the ETSPTW-MCR by extending the ETSPTW problems found in the literature. Comparisons with the ETSPTW results show that significant distance savings are found for most of the instances by charging the electric vehicle at customer locations. As a result of the computational studies, it should be concluded that the proposed algorithm is capable of finding efficient and more realistic route plans for the electric vehicles.