2011 Cilt 4 Sayı 1

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11452/4139

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Blood donation and community: Exploring the influence of social capital
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Smith, André; Matthews, Ralph; Fiddler, Jay
Previous social research on blood donation has found that altruistic personality traits are associated with a higher likelihood of donation. However, such research does not adequately explain why campaigns appealing to altruism have had limited success in significantly increasing blood donation rates. Using the concept of social capital, this study conceptualizes blood donation as a social phenomenon that is embedded in the context of community. It reports on the activities of Canada’s national blood donation agency in two cities with substantially above-average rates of blood donation. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with staff and selected donors and non-donors in each city and from ethnographic observation of blood collection and donor recruitment activities. These activities eschewed conventional appeals to altruism, instead emphasizing how individuals could meaningfully enhance their profiles in their community and workplace through blood donation. This study offers valuable insights into the influence of social capital on blood donation.
Determining factors hindering university-industry collaboration: An analysis from the perspective of academicians in the context of entrepreneurial science paradigm
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Kaymaz, Kurtuluş; Eryiğit, Kadir Yasin; Uludağ Üniversitesi.
Collaboration with industry is critical for academia to create scientific knowledge and obtain industrial data. In turn, collaboration with universities is crucial for organizations in joint, scientific-based research projects in order to develop solutions for production-sourced problems. Both parties need to be in contact via collaborations with the aim of developing new data, methods and technology. To strengthen mutual collaborations and add value, much more attention from both sides should be paid to this subject. Within this context, there should be greater interest from industrialists and academicians, bureaucracy and government regulations should be revised to stimulate the joint projects, field studies should receive more attention in universities, two-way communication should be built between industrialists and academicians, university-industry collaboration centers should be more effective, and finally, mutual publicity should be increased. In this paper, university-industry collaboration is evaluated from the viewpoint of academics. The main finding in the study is that the academics perceive negative factors in the collaboration process.
Elective affiliations: Marginal urban characters negotiating legitimacy and autonomy in urban culture
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Wynn, Jonathan
‘Elective Affiliations’ examines how walking tour guides manage to transmit cultural information, engage in the public imagination, and impart a method of urban investigation their participants while still occupying a place in-between formal institutions, social networks, and labor markets. Drawing from five-years of ethnographic data, guides are presented as living and succeeding in the ‘interstitial’ areas of cities, and are forced to negotiate the tension between structural autonomy and the legitimations arising from affiliation with cultural institutions. Walking guides are successful at their endeavors because of their ever-changing set of interrelationships, not in spite of them. ‘Elective Affiliations’ brings empirical evidence from the intersection of urbanism, tourism, and culture, and recent work on social capital and networks to recent issues of urban cultural policy.
Enterprising strangers: Social capital and social liability among African migrant traders
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Whitehouse, Bruce
In this paper I seek to analyze the advantages foreign entrepreneurs may possess in this context by considering the types of social relations in which these merchants are embedded. Two closely related concepts will be critical to my analysis: social networks and social capital. Through this exploration of immigrant traders in an African city, I identify weaknesses in the conceptualization of social capital and call for a re-thinking of the linkages between migration, social networks, and social relations.
Predicting young adult civic involvement from adolescent activities and family structure: A social capital approach
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Brown, Tucker
This study employs a life-course approach to investigate the role of participation in school-based extracurricular activities as a compensatory source of social capital for adolescents, particularly those reared in non-traditional families and the effect of participation on early adult outcomes. Using Waves I and III from the Add Health data, civic involvement in young adulthood is examined. Interestingly, adolescent extracurricular activities are no more important for children from alternative family structures. However, benefits of participation are still evident from this examination, even when controlling for measures of social capital. Survey analysis techniques which control for the complex sampling design in Add Health are used.
Social capital and civic engagement
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Kapucu, Naim
The term social capital has been identified as a collection of resources that either an individual or organization gains through a set of communal norms, networks, and sanctions. Social capital can be viewed on both the collective and individual resource front and has been studied, analyzed, and reported on the micro, meso, and macro levels. The article reviews the literature on social capital from different perspectives. Specifically, the article focuses on bonding, linking, and bridging social capital. It also provides a small empirical evidence of social capital among young adults with discussions for future research and implications for civic engagement and social capital.
Social capital and its popularity
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Thompson, Denise
The concept of ‘social capital’ has met with huge success among governmental agencies, including governments at all levels and transnational entities such as the World Bank. And yet the concept has been subjected to a devastating critique. This paper investigates a number of reasons given in the literature for its popularity. It starts with a brief overview of the social policy context in Australia, where the social capital framework has been influential. It goes on to discuss some of the reasons for the framework’s popularity, both admiring, e.g. it broadens our understanding of community well-being beyond the economic, and critical, e.g. it ignores the power of (real) capital. The paper concludes by suggesting that 'social capital' continues to prevail, despite its dubious epistemological status, because it serves a useful ideological function for (real) capital.
Social capital in divided societies: Development of a social capital questionnaire in Northern Ireland
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) McAloney, Kareena; Stringer, Maurice; Mallett, John
The population of Northern Ireland is highly divided by religion across multiple aspects of social life including residence, education and employment. Increased understanding of the bonds between and across religious groups may shed light on the nature of group relations within this society. The social capital questionnaire (SCQ) was adapted for use in this religiously divided society. A 44 item pilot measure was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic techniques with two independent samples (N1 = 204, N2 = 251). EFA identified nine factors while confirmatory factor analysis revealed an acceptable model fit of an eight factor solution. Social capital was lower among individuals from religiously segregated areas. Sex-differences in social capital suggest that females may play an important role in the development and maintenance of social capital stocks within and across the religious divide in Northern Ireland. Variations in the factor structure of the SCQ suggest that social capital may be structured differently in different cultures, and highlights the need to develop measures specific to the country or culture of interest.
A social-psychological approach to conflict resolution: Interactive problem solving
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Demirdöğen, Ülkü D.
Track II diplomacy has gained currency on the international scene since the last quarter of the twentieth century. Herbert C. Kelman, a leading scholar in social sciences and a pioneer in interactive conflict resolution, has contributed to this field by applying social-psychological concepts to the analysis and resolution of conflict. In this article, the conceptual basis of Kelman’s interactive problem solving approach will be appraised as well as his work on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The IsraeliPalestinian workshops that Kelman and his colleagues held for more than twenty years have been influential especially in the prenegotiation process leading to the Oslo Agreement.
Training interpreters in rare and emerging languages: The problems of adjustment to a tertiary education setting
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Lai, Miranda; Mulayim, Sedat
Due to the changing humanitarian intake patterns in Australia, there has been an increasing need for interpreter training in a number of rare and emerging languages in order to facilitate communication concerning the provision of government and community services. In order to reflect this need, the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University (RMIT) in Australia has been offering, since 2002, a Diploma of Interpreting program in these languages. The Victorian Multicultural Commission (VMC), a State Government statutory authority, has provided scholarships as an incentive to entrants in the program, which has been approved by the Australian National Accreditation Authority for Translators and Interpreters (NAATI). Students in these rare and emerging language streams have for the most part arrived as refugees, have lived in Australia for only a relatively short period of time, and have varying educational backgrounds. Their languages are characteristically orally based in that language resources such as dictionaries, glossaries and literature on common topics such as medicine, politics, law are largely unavailable. This paper seeks to identify the sociolinguistic, socio-political and socio-economic factors that impact on the adjustment of these students to an interpreter training course in an Australian dual-sector education (Vocational Education and Training and Tertiary education) setting. It also seeks to identify the factors affecting the teaching and learning aspects of the program. The sources of data for the study are two specifically designed questionnaires and data from the university’s Course Experience Surveys, as well as interviews with the teaching staff and participant observation by the authors. The subjects of the study are students of the 2009 RMIT Diploma of Interpreting program in the Karen (an ethnic language of Myanmar) and Nuer (a language spoken mainly in Southern Sudan and parts of Ethiopia) language streams. The findings of this study have policy implications for not only the continuation of such education endeavours, but also the provision of and access to public funding of interpreter training programs in rare and emerging languages. With the identification of the underlying factors affecting the students’ adjustment and learning outcome, this study will contribute to the development of more specific learning and teaching strategies for future similar courses, maximising academic and professional outcomes under confining human, material and financial input, which will, in turn, add to the social capital to society at large.

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