2012 Sayı 18
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11452/12825
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Item Certitude and scepticism as complementary in the search for knowledge(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Onos, IdjakpoThis paper proposes that the demand for certainty and the continual raising of the doubts (skepticism) about our epistemic claims be seen and considered as efforts toward the same direction, namely, to attain knowledge. This has become necessary as the debate between certitude and scepticism in traditional western epistemology attends to the concept of certitude and skepticism as if they are exclusive and contradictory. This has left the revolving discussion in an endless debate The search for certitude in our knowledge claims is to ensure that we have justification for our claims to knowledge and the skeptical considerations that over shadow our knowledge claims are equally demands that we have justification for our knowledge claims so that we do not treat mistaken opinions or lucky or educated guess as knowledge. The African theory of knowledge, which is built on African ontology that treats the divide between the object and subject as two aspects of the same reality, encourages this proposal. As such, this paper analyses and evaluates the debate between certitude and skepticism as we have it in traditional western and African epistemology, thus providing the grounds on which the proposal to consider certitude and skepticism as complementary in the search for knowledge.Item Habermas and the impasse of universalism(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Karademir, AretAs a contemporary universalist, Jürgen Habermas appropriates Kant’s practical philosophy. He insists, however, that no cultural difference may be disrespected in the name of universalism. Rather, only those moral norms that are accepted by every participant, regardless of their cultural background, of a rational-moral debate are universal. My aim, in this paper, is to show that Habermasian universalism is not co-tenable with the cultural differences he endeavors to incorporate into his Kantian paradigm. In order to reach my aim, I shall, first, review Habermasian discourse ethics. In the second section, I shall focus on the history of sexuality to test the tenability of Habermasian universalism.Item Heidegger`s concept of “die befindlichkeit” and his role in human cognition and self-cognition(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Démuth, AndrejThe problem of cognition is one of the ancient questions of human inquiry and in its essence represents one of the most fundamental and crucial problems of philosophy. The reason for this is that the essence of cognition and the solution to its problems pre-determines the final result and character of any inquiry, and as a matter of fact, even our outlook on the world and ourselves. Do there exists something which can predetermine the cognition alone? The present study approaches cognition through the analysis of Heidegger`s concept of “die Stimmung” and “die Befindlichkeit” which can be translated as a „state of mind”, „being in the mood” or an „attunement”1 . The author of this study analyses the role of this concept and especially its existential modifications, as an epistemological determinant of cognition. Attunement is not viewed here traditionally, as a superficial and emotionally fleeting mental state of an individual (in the structure affect – mood – passion) but in line with Heideggerian understanding as a fundamental epistemological “attunement” of a subject or a kind of hermeneutical “approach”. The author of study try to show that “die Befindlichkeit” pre-determines the entire perception, understanding and outlook on the world and ourselves.Item Immanuel Kant’s philosophy of mathematics in terms of his theory of space and time(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Guner, NecdetAt the beginning of the modern age, mathematics had a great importance for the study of Nature. Galileo claimed that ‘the book of nature was written in a kind of mathematical code, and that if we could only crack that code, we could uncover her ultimate secrets’. But, how can mathematics, consisting of necessary tautological truths that are infallible and non-informative, be regarded as the language of natural sciences, while the knowledge of natural sciences is informative, empirical and fallible? Or, is there another alternative: as Hume claimed, modern sciences only depend on empirical data deriving from our perceptions, rather than having the necessity of mathematics. Many philosophers have tried to find an adequate answer for the problem of the relationship between mathematical necessity and contingent perceptions, but the difficulty remained unsolved until Kant’s construction of his original philosophy of the nature as well as the limits of human reason. The main purpose of this study is to show how Kant overcomes this difficulty by making use of the examples of Euclidean geometry and of arithmetic: there are synthetic a priori (a priori, universal, necessary, but at the same time informative) judgments, and indeed mathematical propositions are of this kind.Item In a foucaultian perspective sufism as an art of existence(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Gözel, ÖzkanThis work is composed of two parts. In the first part, we examine two principles of Antic culture, namely ‘to know oneself’ and ‘to take care of the self,” which are linked strictly one to another, by underlying some similarities between this culture and sufi practices. And in the second part we focuse merely on sufism, its conceptions and practices concerning the improvement of the self which is supposed, in sufism, to be linked internally to the exploration of the truth. In fact, the present work, which sees sufism not only as an abstract seach for truth but also as an art of existence with ists concret implications, focuses on some strict connections between the (search for) truth and sufi practices which prepare the sâlik (the seeker) to receive the truth by refashioning his whole existence.Item Nietzsche’s beyond good and evil: A morality of immoralism(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Oyeshile, Olatunji A.Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) presents a radical and enigmatic approach to existentialism by over emphasizing the attributes of subjectivity of the individual over the group, community and God, especially the Christian God. This essays takes a critical appraisal of the major presuppositions of Nietzsche, especially as contained in his work Beyond Good and Evil (1886) which is a major amalgam of Nietzsche’s works on existentialism. The essay concludes that notwithstanding the empowerment Nietzsche’s gives to man through the Will to power and the concept Superman, his perspective on the absolute freedom and supremacy of man over human institutions which serve regulatory functions are counter-functional to social order as they obscure our thorough sense of morality.Item On a forming of a method of intuition(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Kısonova, RenataThe paper focuses on that part of Henri Bergson's philosophy, which is represented by its methodological consequences. The main objective of the paper is a difference between intuition and intelect in Bergson's work. His method of intuition is utterly connected with a duration. According to Bergson, intelect moves about a field of stability, rigidity, routine. It is characteristed by misunderstanding of a duration and being. Intuition, on the other hand moves about a field of spontaneity and temporality. It is a direct understanding of matter. Bergson reasons, that there is not intuition without intelect and there is no intelect without a sign of intuition; these two types of understanding need each other in their demonstrations.Item Phenomenological evidentialism(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Koç, ÇağlarIn this article I argue for a position I call evidentialism, which is mainly Husserlian. Evidentialism should be stationed in a middle road between foundationalism and coherentism. It differs from foundationalism in that it does not take evidences to be “infallible premises”; evidences are insights that might turn out to be wrong in the course of experience. But evidentialism cannot be a version of coherentism either. For the mere coherence among beliefs, rather than justifying them perfectly, needs to be constrained by experience. In first section my concern is with what we are to understand from “conceptuality”; there I try to situate evidentialism in terms of a moderate conceptualism. Yet the conceptuality I argue for is minimal, that is, taken in a narrower sense. It is not something we construct, but something we immediately see. Seeing what is meaningful reveals the constitutive conceptuality of our experience. The rest of the paper deals with Husserl and envisage him as a genuine evidentialist.Item The value of the relationship between philosophy and literature(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Yetişken, HülyaThe main purpose of this article is to determine the value of the relationship between philosophy and literature with regard to its position in the world of man and to show its importance and its philosophical ground. In this respect, I am drawing on the views of Kant, Hegel and Schopenhauer, in whose works literature occupies an important order in the world of arts. I am, therefore, putting forth that, with regard to the similarity and close relationship between philosophy and literature, there are two reasons for claiming the value of this relationship. By doing so, I am trying to show what both of them mean separately, and what is to be said about their main characteristics. The first reason is that both fields provide knowledge about the universal as an integrity of possibilities. The second is that both philosophy and literature focus on man himself and contribute to broaden the boundaries of his knowledge of the structure of his nature, and to deepen and to enrich the dimensions of his own self-consciousness. And, finally, within the framework of classification and division, in order to have a perspective for the whole, I am trying to show the richness of the scope and content of the relationship between philosophy and literature. Within this frame, it can be said that the value of the relationship between philosophy and literature is to be found in light of the following two contexts: The first is connected with the other relations external to this correlation The second refers to the internal relations between philosophy and literature with regard to their respective contributions, coalescing and sustainment of each other. In this article, I have tried to show, by exemplifications, the subdivisions and the main features of the both contexts.