2022 Cilt 21 Sayı 1

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11452/27539

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Adorno’s aesthetic theory: Aesthetic display of the empirical reality
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-03-16) Hatipoğlu, Özüm
Theodor Adorno’s Aesthetic Theory illuminates the basic question of the aesthetic claim to truth. Adorno’s text presents key philosophical questions about the nature of aesthetics. Through grounding Adorno’s aesthetic theory in Hegelian logic, this article explicates why and how the veracity of a modern artwork dwells in its claim to the truth of its own untruth. What is the relation between aesthetic truth and the objective truth of empirical reality? Can aesthetic truth disclose the truth of empirical reality? By relating negatively to what Adorno calls the empirical reality, modern artworks not only become identical to their nonidentity, but also present that which they are nonidentical with as their formative ground. If the truth of an object is mediated, aesthetic truth must disclose the degree of objectivity found in empirical reality. Consequently, aesthetic truth becomes for-itself a mediated truth, and aesthetic truth comes to reveal the mediatedness of empirical reality.
Arendtian beginning under the threat of violence
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-02-25) Yazıcıoğlu, Sanem
Action and violence are two of the most central topics in Arendt’s works. The opposition between action and violence can also be interpreted as the opposition between the potentiality of human capacities and their fundamental destruction in human life. For Arendt, action and speech are the actualization of those capacities in their ever-new forms. However, those capacities can only be actualized in human plurality: a plurality of equal and distinct individuals. Therefore, in its different appearances and in its different tools, the threat of violence for the individual and for the political realm consists in its intrinsic aim to destruct human potentialities and human plurality. In our economical-global world, world violence increases significantly, since the emphasis is no longer on political categories such as equality or political action, but rather on everything that can be turned into materials and accelerate economic growth. Human beings are not exceptions; they are constantly under the threat of turning into “human materials” as Arendt rightly claims. Hence, in this paper I will first examine the relation between action, beginning and potentiality and second, indicate how plurality and power interact; in the third part I will outline how violence transforms human beings into human material, and in the final part I will indicate some problems of inequality and the economic agenda which produces millions of displaced people.
“Bittersweet Island” as encoded epithet: Klee in the making
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-02-01) Haşlakoğlu, Oğuz
Present article offers a new way of ‘reading’ Paul Klee’s work “Insula Dulcamara” (1938) in its ‘pictorial language’. After a critical evaluation of a similar approach on the same work in its pros and cons the essay suggests that the very title of the work is actually encoded in the picture, providing a criterion and a visual mapping for its proposal. The method consists in obtaining the group of signs which forms a certain gestalt in the picture as Latin letters hidden in pseudo-Arabic script. In this way Latin letters are deformed to a point where it is not possible to be recognized immediately in their limits of legibility. After reading the whole sign group letter by letter the essay then goes on to compare Klee’s famous “making visible” remark with Cézanne’s much discussed “la réalisation”. Drawing conclusions from there, the article ends in showing how this masterpiece of Klee might be considered as an epithet of the artist in its etymological origin as an “emplacement”; a dwelling place of his own making.
Deconstruction in film analyses: Poststructuralism, Derrida and cinema
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-03-09) Aker, Hacer
Deconstructive analyses on cinematic texts are becoming widespread, albeit in limited numbers. The deconstructive readings remain in the dimension of emotion transfer due to the lack of sufficient knowledge; they become detrimental to the depth of the analysis field. Undoubtedly, there is no discussion that can be shown as “the best.” However, making in-depth analysis using deconstruction is the author’s responsibility to the film as a product, to the audience, and to criticism in general. The most important tool in fulfilling this responsibility is awareness of the applied analysis technique. This study was born out of the limitation observed in the mentioned awareness and the need created by the inadequacy of theoretical studies in the field. In this context, the study aims to reveal what deconstruction is through Derrida’s terminology and to show how this practice can be applied to film analysis. It constructs this on three levels: At the first level, deconstruction is handled and defined as one of the arguments of poststructuralism. At the second level, the work focuses on Derrida’s concepts of phonocentrism/logocentrism, Différance, reversal/displacement, and repression. The third and final level covers how deconstruction can be applied to films as a method of analysis. The opportunity that this study would be a source for researchers interested in cinema, Derrida, and deconstruction is expected to make the study meaningful as a whole.
The must of being an individual is correct usage of reason and creative activity
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-02-22) Can, Mücella
As can be understood from the title of the text, a highly assertive thesis is put forward in this study. In order to justify this thesis in a philosophical sense, we first tried to reveal what the individual is, its formation and importance. The concept of the individual, which we discussed in the article and tried to describe with its indispensable conditions, refers to the individual who owes its existence to the western culture and belongs to the western civilization in terms of its characteristics. Because the must of this individual is expressed as using the reason correctly. This individual is both the creator and, because of its many characteristics, the product of a secular worldview. Trying to understand the universe, people and society, this individual acts with the patterns of his mentality and reveals his knowledge in this context. The individual is a self- confident and independent person. The basis of the independence of a person who is conscious of being an individual consists of his loyalty to his own reason. His perception, understanding, judgment, and evaluation of reality are based on his own reason, not on the assertions of others. Since using the reason is the basic characteristic of being an individual, it is not possible to think of the individual independently of the reason and the reason of the individual. In this article, we tried to explain the nature, formation and meaning of the individual on a completely rational basis. We tried to show that the individual has to consider his own reason rather than the expectations of the society while establishing his own life in the western culture, where it is accepted that being human is synonymous with being an individual. One, who does not belong to any entity that is considered important, is a unity that believes that he lives according to his actions. The individual has a creative ability because he is unique to himself in terms of thinking and actions. In fact, the quality of creativity is the result of using the reason correctly. Being a creative person, the individual puts forward new things based on his own creative abilities. All innovations, inventions and discoveries of all kinds throughout history are the works of creative individuals. The prerequisite for creative activity is reason, and the result is honour or self-respect. Using the reason correctly is the basic virtue that is the source of all the other virtues of the individual.
On the inevitable failure of social constructionism: The transcendental self-contradiction of an empty concept
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-03-22) Aktok, Özgür
The question of how sociality is related to the scientific conception of physical reality brings up a philosophical tension between the conception of science as an autonomous enterprise and the conception of science as one of the various cultural products of society. Basically, there have been two approaches in sociology of science to resolve this tension. On the one side, we encounter classical sociology of science, which defends the autonomy of science while denying any constitutive role to sociality in the formation of the content of scientific theories. On the other side, there is social constructionism, which criticizes traditional sociology of science and reduces the content of scientific theories simply to a function of social structures; to something which is caused, produced or realized directly by social phenomena. This paper aims to show that although social constructionism has a point in its critique of the classical conception of science, this point is never formulated and expressed in a sufficient conceptual rigor and clarity. It will be demonstrated that the basic concept of “social construction” as encountered in the key texts from social constructionism is actually an empty concept because it is transcendentally self-contradictory. Consequently, as the paper argues, the emptiness of the concept of construction leads to an inability in making a distinction between real cases of social construction –if there are any- and cases of politically coercive, brute social interference with science.
The principles of the letter system of hurufism and a philosophical look at the regional identity and pseudonym of Imadeddin Nesimi
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-03-23) Guliyeva, Khatira
Many prominent representatives of Azerbaijani science deeply studied the legacy of Imadaddin Nasimi, the creator of Azerbaijani poetry of the XIV century, the poet of truth, justice, who sacrificed his life for his faith and became world famous for his tragic end. Under the thick layers of 600-year history, new pages of the great thinker were opened, valuable works were written about the stormy life of the poet, the tragic life, rich poetry, philosophy and rhetoric. Thus, the School of Nasimi was established and expanded in Azerbaijan. However, the regional identity of Imadeddin Nasimi has not been clarified yet. This uncertainty is mainly due to the meaning of the poet's nickname. This article examines the national-regional identity of the world-famous Imadeddin Nasimi, the creator of 14th century Azerbaijani poetry. The author evaluates the pseudonym Nasimi both in the essence of the philosophical worldview of the hurufism and as a concept of space. Thus, the author has obtained new scientific-objective results based on various literal sources, coded concepts, which are important as a contribution to world Nasimi studies.

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