2018 Cilt 12 Sayı 35

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11452/20509

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Changes in yolk absorption, embryo development patterns and chick quality in small and large eggs obtained from Broiler Breeder Flocks at Different Ages
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2018-09-11) Sözcü, Arda; Şahan, Ümran; Ziraat Fakültesi; Hayvan Bilimleri Bölümü
The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of broiler breeder age and egg weight on yolk absorption, embryo development and chick quality in broilers. A total of 3000 hatching eggs were obtained from two different Ross 308 broiler breeder flocks at 36 and 52 weeks of ages. The eggs were classified into two weight categories as small (S: 58-63 g) and large (L: 64-69 g) eggs. To determine the yolk absorption and embryo development during incubation period, yolk absorption, embryo body weight, yolk free body weight and length, shank length were measured on days 14 and 18 of incubation. At hatch, chicks were sampled for determination of chick body weight and length, residual yolk weight and, yolk-free body weight, body and shank length. Yolk absortion and embryo development during incubation period were affected by both breeder age and egg weight. On day 18 of incubation, a higher yolk absorption and relative yolk absorption were observed in embryos from 52 weeks of age flock (9.2g and 43.0%, respectively) compared to other ones from 36 weeks of age (7.8 g and 39.2%, respectively, P<0.01). A lower relative yolk absorption with a value of 39.3% was observed for embryos obtained from large eggs (P<0.01). The embryo body weight and length were found to be higher for embryos obtained from large eggs from 52 weeks of age flock (32.5 g and 17.3 cm, respectively, P<0.01). At hatch, a lower chick body weight with a shorter body length were observed for chicks from 36 weeks of age flock (43.0 g and 20.2 cm, respectively) compared to the chicks obtained from 52 weeks of age (45.1 g and 20.7 cm, respectively, P<0.01). Also, a higher yolk absorption with a heavier chick body weight and length were found for chicks obtained from large eggs compared to small eggs (P<0.01). In conclusion, yolk absorption and embryo development during incubation and subsequently chick quality at hatch were affected by both breeder age and egg weight in broilers.
Effects of zinc-L-selenomethionine on growth performance, carcass yield and selenium concentration of breast meat in Japanese quails
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2018-07-17) Sözcü, Arda; İpek, Aydın; Ziraat Fakültesi; Hayvan Bilimleri Bölümü
The aim of this study was investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of organic selenium as zinc-L-selenomethionine (Zn-L SeMet) on growth performance, carcass yield and selenium concentration of breast meat in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). A total of 300 quails were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups with 3 replicates (20 quails/each replicate), as control (0 mg/kg), dose 1 (0.1 mg/kg), dose 2 (0.2 mg/kg), dose 3 (0.3 mg/kg) and dose 4 (0.4 mg/kg) diet supplementation of Zn-L-SeMet. The supplementation was applied between 7-35 days of growing period. The quails in dose 2 and dose 3 groups were heavier with values of 179.2 g and 177.8 g, respectively, than control (152.6 g), dose 1 (163.7 g) and dose 4 (167.0 g) at 35 days of age. The highest cumulative feed consumption was observed for the quails in the control and dose 3 groups (respectively, 582.3 g and 580.7 g, P<0.01). Feed conversion rate was more efficient with values of 3.19 and 3.27 in dose 2 and dose 3 groups (P<0.01). Slaughter weight and carcass weight were found to be higher in dose 2 (respectively, 181.2 g and 131.9 g) and dose 3 (respectively, 177.0 g and 129.5 g) groups (P<0.05). The highest Se concentration of breast meat was observed with a value of 0.32 % in the birds fed with dose 4 diet. On the other hand, the lowest Se concentration of breast meat was found with a value of 0.20% in the control group (P<0.01). These findings showed that dietary supplementation of Zn-L-SeMet has a potential stimulating effect for growth performance, slaughter yield and improving of selenium concentration of breast meat in Japanese quails.
Potential risk factors associated with broiler welfare of commercial flocks in Turkey: Welfare of the chickens just prior to pre-slaughter catching on farms
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2018-09-21) McKinstry, Justin Lee; Petek, Metin; Cavuşoglu, Enver; Orman, Abdülkadir; Veteriner Fakültesi; Hayvan Bilimleri Bölümü
This study aimed at assessing broiler chicken welfare in commercial flocks just prior to pre-slaughter catching on farms, in Turkey. For this purposes seven broiler farms including 28 flocks from two Turkish broiler company were inspected. Each of the studied flocks had identical management programs for broiler. Data was collated over a one year period on four separate occasions to identify any possible seasonal effects. One hundred birds in each flock were assessed for various welfare parameters based on physical and production-related measures. Mean flock slaughter age on the day of visit was 43 days and mean body weight was 2.35 kg in the flocks. Average mortality and feed conversion ratio were calculated as 3.03 and 1.82, respectively. Light instensity, temperature and heat stress index inside the house were highest during the summer visits. The humidity was higher during the winter months, ammonia fluctuated through the year inside the house. There were significant differences for all welfare scores of the birds raised in different flocks (P<0.05) in different season, except gait score. A seasonal effect was observed on gait score. Male and female birds in all flocks had almost similar welfare scores. As conclusion, it can be said that the flocks investigated in this study had reasonably good welfare scores and there is the potential for further improve using new legislation and better implementing existing welfare assurance schemes.

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