Browsing by Author "Ghadiri, Hossein"
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Item Effect of split nitrogen fertilization and herbicide application on soil weed seed bank in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) rotation(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Sheibani, Sahar; Ghadiri, HosseinIn order to investigate the effects of nitrogen splitting and herbicide application on soil weed seed bank in a wheat and oilseed rape rotation, a field experiment was conducted in research station of the School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran in 2005-6 and 2006-7. Results suggested that at 304 kg urea ha-1 when half of it was applied through sowing stage of wheat and oilseed rape and the other half applied at tillering stage of wheat and the end of rosette stage of oilseed rape grain and biological yield enhanced substantially in wheat and oilseed rape. Presence of weeds in weedy checks plot increased biological yield 57% in wheat, 142% in oilseed rape. On the other hand, it reduced wheat grain yield 53% and oilseed rape grain yield 65% comparing with weed free plots. Results indicate that herbicides application enhanced grain yield 88% in wheat, 63% in oilseed rape. However, it decreased weeds’ dry weight 58% in wheat and 78% in oilseed rape when it compared with weedy checks plot. Furthermore, iodosulfuron–methyl– sodium plus mesosulfuron–methyl–sodium in wheat reduced the annual rising of the soil weed seed bank 53% in 0-15cm and 71% in 15-30cm depth, while haloxyfop-(R)-methylester in oilseed rape decreased it 43% in 0-15cm and 40% in 15-30cm depth.Item Effects of cowpea living mulch on weed control and maize yield(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Talebbeigi, Reza Moradi; Ghadiri, HosseinField experiments were conducted in 2009 and 2010 in research station of college of agriculture, Shiraz University of Iran, to evaluate the effects of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) living mulch on weed suppression, maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield and yield components. Treatments were cowpea living mulch densities (7, 15, 22 and 30 plants m-2), suppression periods of cowpea growth with 2,4-D (30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after maize planting), and two control treatments, a weed free and a weedy check. Results of both years showed that cowpea densities significantly controlled weeds. The lowest weeds biomass and the highest maize grain yield were obtained from 30 and 22 plants m-2 of cowpea living mulch density, respectively. In both years, the lowest weeds biomass and the highest maize grain yield, in comparison to the weedy check, were obtained when cowpea growth was terminated 90 and 75 days after maize planting, respectively. It is concluded that, to achieve the highest maize grain yield and yield components and to suppress the weeds, cowpea living mulch at 22 plants m-2 and suppression period of cowpea at 75 days after maize planting, is recommended as a step toward sustainable agriculture.Item Effects of rimsulfuron, foramsulfuron and conventional herbicides on weed control and maize yield at three planting dates(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Zaremohazabieh, Sara; Ghadiri, HosseinField experiment was conducted in 2007 and 2008 in research station of college of agriculture, Shiraz University of Iran, to evaluate the effect of herbicide application and planting dates on yield and yield components of maize and weed control. Treatments were atrazine plus alachlor at 1 + 2.44 and 1.92 + 1.5, 2,4-D + MCPA at 0.36 + 0.31 and 0.54 + 0.46, rimsulfuron at 0.02 and 0.04, foramsulfuron at 0.03 and 0.06 kg a.i. P ha-1, a weed free and a weedy check and three planting dates (5 May, 5 June and 5 July). Results of both years showed that foramsulfuron and atrazine+ alachlor in both applied rates controlled weeds greatly in all planting dates. Combination of 2,4-D + MCPA in both applied rates controlled field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) about 85 to 99% in the 3rd planting date. The minimum weed biomass reduction and lowest maize grain yield was obtained with rimsolforun in both applied rates and 2,4-D + MCPA at 0.36 + 0.31 kg a.i. P ha-1 in the first planting date. Maximum weed biomass reduction and the highest maize grain yield were obtained with foramsulfuron in both applied rates in the 3rd planting date and 2nd planting date, respectively.Item Efficacy evaluation of sulfosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl plus sulfosulfuron, mesosulfuron-methyl plus ıodosulfuron-methyl and ıodosulfuron plus mesosulfuron herbicides in winter wheat (triticum aestivum L.)(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2013) Malekian, Babak; Ghadiri, Hossein; Kazemeini, Seyed Abdolreza; Edalat, MohsenIn order to investigate the effect of sulfosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl plus sulfosulfuron, mesosulfuron-methyl plus iodosulfuronmethyl and iodosulfuron plus mesosulfuron on weed control and wheat biological and grain yield, a two-year field experiment was conducted in Shiraz, Iran, during 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 growing seasons. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with four replications. Treatments were sulfosulfuron at 18, 20.25 and 22.5 g a.i. ha -1 , metsulfuron-methyl plus sulfosulfuron at 28, 32 and 36 g a.i. ha -1 , mesosulfuron-methyl plus iodosulfuron-methyl at 14.4, 18 and 21.6 g a.i. ha -1 , iodosulfuron plus mesosulfuron at 18, 24 and 30 g a.i. ha -1 and two weedy and weed free checks. Compared with the weedy check, application of herbicides in both growing seasons reduced weed biomass and increased wheat biological and grain yield. Among herbicide treatments, metsulfuron-methyl plus sulfosulfuron at 36 g a.i. ha -1 reduced weed dry matter by 98. 6% and 97.55% in 2011-2012 and 2012-2013, respectively, and the lowest weed dry matter was observed with this treatment. In both years, maximum wheat biological yield was obtained in weed free check that was not significantly different from metsulfuron-methyl plus sulfosulfuron at 36 g a.i. ha -1 . The highest wheat grain yield was obtained with metsulfuron-methyl plus sulfosulfuron at 36 g a.i. ha -1.Item Impact of sowing date and tillage method on morphophysiological traits and yield of corn(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2017-04-05) Zaremohazabieh, Sara; Kazemeini, Seyed Abdolreza; Ghadiri, Hossein; Edalat, MohsenEnvironmental variations related with different sowing dates have an altering effect on the growth and development of corn plants. A field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of sowing date and tillage method on corn growth and yield. The treatments included two tillage systems (conventional and no tillage) and seven sowing dates (11-May, 18-May, 25-May, 1-Jun, 8- Jun, 15-Jun and 22-Jun). The interaction between tillage method and sowing date showed that the highest kernel yield (KY), biological yield (BY) and harvest index (HI) were observed at first sowing date and conventional tillage method and the lowest KY, HI and BY were obtained in no-tillage method and latest sowing date in both years. Delay in sowing from 11-May to 22-Jun decreased significantly the plant height, leaf number, leaf area index and yield by 6.43, 7.98, 17.36 and 42.7% in 2014 and 7.93, 8.87, 14.88 and 40.01% in 2015, respectively. The highest crop growth rate (CGR) was observed in conventional tillage (56 and 49 (g day 1m -2 )) as compared to no-tillage (45.7 and 46.5(g day-1m -2 )) in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The leaf area index (LAI) had a positive and significant correlation with corn height, leaf number and yield.Item Nitrogen, manure and municipal waste compost effects on yield and photosynthetic characteristics of corn (zea mays l.) under weedy conditions(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2013-12-09) Naderi, Ruhollah; Ghadiri, HosseinA two-year field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of nitrogen, composted manure, municipal waste compost, and weeds on yield and photosynthetic characteristics of corn. Experimental design was split split plot factorial with 3 replications. Main plots were weedy and weed-free, sub plots were nitrogen fertilizer levels [0 (N0) and 200 (N200) kg N ha -1 as urea], and sub sub plots were factorial application of municipal waste compost [0 (C0), 25 (C1) and 50 (C2) t ha -1 ] and manure [0 (M0), 25 (M1) and 50 (M2) t -1 ha ] with all possible combinations. Manure and municipal compost increased photosynthetic rate (A) (27 and 7 %, respectively), stomatal conductance (gs) (12 and 25 %, respectively) and chlorophyll content of corn leaves same as nitrogen fertilizer. There was no significant difference between C2+M2 and C2+M2+N200 for corn yield. Weed presence significantly decreased A, gs, chlorophyll content, and yield of corn. Increase in organic or inorganic fertilizers did not decrease the detrimental effect of weeds on corn. Our results showed these organic amendments are valuable potential as nutrient sources for corn production and allow our farmers to recycle livestock and municipal waste products; however, they could also increase weed competition. These findings can use to improve organic fertilization as an essential part of integrated weed management.Item Weed control and grain yield response to nitrogen management and herbicides(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Najafi, Batool; Ghadiri, HosseinIn order to investigate the effect of herbicides application and nitrogen (N) levels on weed control and grain yield of corn, two field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2008. The treatments consisted of four levels of 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg N P ha-1 as main plots and herbicides including atrazine plus alachlor at 1+2.44 and 1.92+1.5, 2, 4-D plus MCPA at 0.36+0.31 and 0.54+0.46, rimsulfuron at 0.02 and 0.04 and foramsulfuron at 0.03 and 0.06 kg a.i. P ha-1 were the sub factors. A weed-free and a weedy check were also included. The results revealed that increased levels of applied nitrogen tended to enhance the total weed biomass significantly. Foramsulfuron controlled field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) effectively in both years. Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) was satisfactorily controlled by foramsulfuron in both years. Rimsulfuron and 2,4-D plus MCPA had the highest redroot pigweed dry weight and controlled chinese-lantern-plant (Physalis alkekengii L.) less effectively compared with field bindweed and redroot pigweed. Addition of N increased the competitive ability of corn against weeds and resulted in higher grain yield. Foramsulfuron controlled weeds effectively and caused significant increase in corn grain yield between 44 and 66% higher than weedy check in both years.