Yüklem, yalnız özneyi mi içinde taşır?
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Date
2006-12-01
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Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Türkçede, “Sözlüksel özne, yüzey yapıda olsa da olmasa da, yüklemde yer alan kişi ekleri, bize özneyi verir.” söylemi yaygındır. Aldım, gönderdik, vurdun vb. Ancak bu durum, yalnız etken çatılı eylemler için geçerlidir. Edilgen çatıda durum değişir. Geçişsiz-edilgen çatılı eylemler, oluş ifade ettiklerinden yalnız üçüncü teklik kişiyle çekimlenmesin karşın, geçişli-edilgen çatılı eylemler kılış bildirdiklerinden kişi eklerinin tümüyle çekimlenebilirler. Edilgen eylemin geçişli oluşu, çevresinde eksiz belirtme durumuna girmiş ad değerindeki bir birimin bulunmasını zorunlu kılar. İşte, geçişli-edilgen çatılı eylem çekiminde (alındım, gönderildik, vuruldun vb.) yer alan kişi eki, eylemi yapana (özneye) değil, eylemden etkilenen eksiz belirtme durumuna girmiş bu birime (nesneye) gönderme yapar. Bu da, yüklem içinde her zaman öznenin barınmadığına, bazı durumlarda nesnenin de barındığına işaret eder.
In Turkish, it is widely known expression that "no matter if the subject exists in the surface structure of the sentence or not, the personal suffixes in the verb reveal the subject"; such as, “I took”, “we sent”, “you hit” etc. This, however, is only the case with the active verbs. In passive verbs, this situation changes. While the intransitive-passive verbs can just be conjugated by the third person singular pronouns since they Express “happening”, transitive-passive verbs can be conjugated by all personal pronoun suffixes. The transitive aspect of the passive verb necessitates the presence of a unit in the form of defining noun that is without any suffixes. Therefore, the personal pronoun suffix present in the conjuction of transitive passive verbs, such as “I was taken”, “we were sent”, “you were shot” etc. doesn’t refer refer to subject, but refers to this unit in the form of a noun-suffixed defining word (object). This demonstrates that the verb doesn’t always contain the subject within itself and in some cases there is the object in it.
In Turkish, it is widely known expression that "no matter if the subject exists in the surface structure of the sentence or not, the personal suffixes in the verb reveal the subject"; such as, “I took”, “we sent”, “you hit” etc. This, however, is only the case with the active verbs. In passive verbs, this situation changes. While the intransitive-passive verbs can just be conjugated by the third person singular pronouns since they Express “happening”, transitive-passive verbs can be conjugated by all personal pronoun suffixes. The transitive aspect of the passive verb necessitates the presence of a unit in the form of defining noun that is without any suffixes. Therefore, the personal pronoun suffix present in the conjuction of transitive passive verbs, such as “I was taken”, “we were sent”, “you were shot” etc. doesn’t refer refer to subject, but refers to this unit in the form of a noun-suffixed defining word (object). This demonstrates that the verb doesn’t always contain the subject within itself and in some cases there is the object in it.
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Keywords
Edilgen, Geçişli, Özne, Nesne, Passive, Transitive, Subject, Object
Citation
Üstünova, K. (2006). “Yüklem, yalnız özneyi mi içinde taşır?”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(11), 241-250.