Kurutulmuş tavuk gübresinin yem değeri ve kuzu besisinde protein kaynağı olarak kullanılma olanakları
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Date
1990-05-02
Authors
Ak, İbrahim
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu araştırma, kafes tavukçuluğundan elde edilen kurutulmuş yumurta tavuğu gübresinin yem değerinin belirlenmesi ve entansif kuzu besi rasyonlarında ayçiçeği tohumu küspesi yerine kullanımının besi performansı ile bazı kesim ve karkas özelliklerine etkisini saptamak için düzenlenmiştir. Araştırma iki aşamada yürütülmüştür, ilk aşamada 12 yumurta tavuğu işletmesinden alınan 36 adet gübre örneği 65-70 °C' de kurutularak ham besin maddeleri içerikleri saptanmıştır. Ortalama % 94.73 kuru madde içeren kurutulmuş kafes tavuğu gübresinin ortalama kül, organik madde, ham protein, ham yağ, ham sellüloz ve N'siz öz maddeler içeriği sırasıyla; % 22.20, % 72.53, % 22.24, % 1.67, % 17.97 ve % 30.65 bulunmuştur. Ham kül içeriğinde saptanan ortalama Ca ve P içeriği ise sırasıyla % 7.45 ve % 1.94 bulunmuştur. Kurutulmuş kafes tavuğu gübresindeki ham besin maddelerinin sindirim derecelerinin belirlenmesi için 3 baş Malya ırkı koçla klasik sindirim denemesi yapılmıştır. Sindirim denemesi sonunda kuru madde, organik madde, ham protein, ham yağ, ham sellüloz ve N'siz öz maddelerin sindirim dereceleri sırasıyla; % 57.84, % 61.89, % 76.43, % 36.68, %55.63 ve % 59.59 bulunmuştur. Sindirim derecesinden yararlanılarak bulunan ortalama enerji içeriği ise 33.35 NB bulunmuştur. Araştırmanın ikinci aşamasında kurutulmuş kafes tavuğu gübresinin kuzu besisinde kullanılma olanakları araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, sütten kesilmiş 2-2.5 aylık yaşta 60 baş Merinos erkek kuzu kullanılmıştır. 10 baş kuzu bazı kesim ve karkas özelliklerinin belirlenmesi için deneme başında kesilmiştir. Kalan 50 baş kuzu ise 8 hafta sure ile besi denemesine alınmıştır. Kuzu besi rasyonlarında ayçiçeği tohumu küspesi yerine gruplara sırasıyla; % 0, % 10, % 20, % 30 ve % 40 oranında kurutulmuş tavuk gübresi katılmıştır. Kesif yem karmaları pelet formda ve ad libitum olarak verilmiştir. Araştırmada bireysel yemleme ve sulama uygulanmıştır. Farklı düzeylerde, kurutulmuş kafes tavuğu gübresi tüketen grupların canlı ağırlık ve günlük ortalama canlı ağırlık artışları sırasıyla ; 37.6±0.54, 36.4±0.69, 37.5±1.03, 36.9±0.52 ve 35.4±0.52 kg ile 271.4±11.18, 251.2±10.17, 266.1±14.47, 258.9±6.89 ve 237.5±7.36 g bulunmuş olup, gruplar arası fark önemsiz bulunmuştur. Araştırmada grupların günlük ortalama ve bir kg canlı ağırlık artışı için kesif yem tüketimleri sırasıyla ; 1341±17.4, 1344±22.6, 1408±28.1, 1496± 22.2, 1442±12.6 g ile 4.94±0.22, 5.34±0.23, 5.29±0.27, 5.78±0.21 ve. 6.07±0,29 kg bulunmuştur. Rasyona % 30 ve % 40 düzeyinde kurutulmuş tavuk gübresi katılması yem ve su tüketimini önemli düzeyde artırmıştır ( P<0.01 ve P<0.05 ). Ayrıca rasyona %40 oranında gübre katılması yemden yararlanmanın önemli düzeyde düşmesine neden olmuştur (P<0.05). Araştırmada, sıcak ve soğuk karkas ağırlıkları, sıcak ve soğuk randıman, soğutma kaybı ve iç yağ ağırlığı açısından gruplar arası fark önemsiz bulunmuş, fakat besi başlangıcında kesilen kuzularla besi sonunda kesilen kuzuların bazı kesim ve karkas özellikleri arasındaki fark istatistik önemli bulunmuştur (P<0.01).
This research has been carried out to investigate the feed value and possibilities of supplying dehydrated cage layers manure to lamb fattening rations instead of sunflower cake and its effects on fattening performance and some carcass characters. The study has been carried out in two stages. In the first stage, 36 poultry manure samples collected from 12 commercial egg farms have been dried at 65-70 °C and crude nutrient contents of the samples were determined. Average crude ash, organic matter; crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre and N-free extract content of DPM including 94.73 % dry matter have been determined as 22.20 %, 72.53% 22.24 %, 1.67 %, 17.97 % and 30.65 % respectively. Ca and P content in crude ash was 7.45 % and 1.94 %. Metabolism trial was conducted with Malya rams to determine the digestibility of crude nutrients in DPM. Average apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre and N-free extract were 57.84 %, 61.89 %» 76.43 %, 36.68 %, 55.63 % and 59.59 % respectively. Average energy value estimated from digestible crude nutrients content was 33.35 starch unit. In the second stage of the research, using possibilities of DPM as feed material for fattening lambs have been investigated. Animal material of the fattening experiment was 2.0-2.5 mounths old 60 head-Merino male lambs. In order to determine some carcass charecters, ten lambs were slaughtered at the beginning of the fattening. Fattening experiment for 8. weeks was conducted with the rest 50 lambs. The lambs were divided into 5 groups. The groups were fed with pelleted concentrate feed mixtures including 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 % and 40 % of DPM instead of sunflower cake respectively. Concentrate feed mixtures have been fed to the lambs ad libitum. Meanwhile each lamb received 100 g wheat straw daily. Feed and drinking water were given individually to all lambs. According to the results of fattening experiment, live weight, daily weight gain differences of the groups were insignificant. Average final weight and daily weight gain of groups were determined as 37.6±0.54, 36.4±0.69, 37.5±1.03, 36.9±0.52 and 35.4±0.52 kg, 271.4±11.18, 251.2±10.17, 266.1±14.47, 258.9±6.89 and 237.5±7.36 g respectively. Average daily feed consumption, feed consumption far 1 kg of live weight gain of the groups were determined as 1341±17.4, 1344±22.6, 1408±28.1, 1496±22.2, 1442±12.6 g and 4.94±0.22, 5.34±0.23, 5.29±0.27, 5.78±0.21, 6.07±0.29 kg respectively. Feeding with rations supplemented 30 % and 40 % DPM significantly (P<0.01 and P<0.05) increased feed consumption and water intake of the lambs. In addition, feeding 40 % DPM increased feed consumption for 1 kg of live weight gain significantly (p< 0.05). Average hot and cold carcass weight, hot and cold dressing percentage, cooling loose and pelvic cavity-kidney fat weight differences of fattening groups were insignificant. However, it has been determined that the differences of slaughter house and carcass characters of lambs slaughtered before and after fattening were statistically significant (P<0.01).
This research has been carried out to investigate the feed value and possibilities of supplying dehydrated cage layers manure to lamb fattening rations instead of sunflower cake and its effects on fattening performance and some carcass characters. The study has been carried out in two stages. In the first stage, 36 poultry manure samples collected from 12 commercial egg farms have been dried at 65-70 °C and crude nutrient contents of the samples were determined. Average crude ash, organic matter; crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre and N-free extract content of DPM including 94.73 % dry matter have been determined as 22.20 %, 72.53% 22.24 %, 1.67 %, 17.97 % and 30.65 % respectively. Ca and P content in crude ash was 7.45 % and 1.94 %. Metabolism trial was conducted with Malya rams to determine the digestibility of crude nutrients in DPM. Average apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre and N-free extract were 57.84 %, 61.89 %» 76.43 %, 36.68 %, 55.63 % and 59.59 % respectively. Average energy value estimated from digestible crude nutrients content was 33.35 starch unit. In the second stage of the research, using possibilities of DPM as feed material for fattening lambs have been investigated. Animal material of the fattening experiment was 2.0-2.5 mounths old 60 head-Merino male lambs. In order to determine some carcass charecters, ten lambs were slaughtered at the beginning of the fattening. Fattening experiment for 8. weeks was conducted with the rest 50 lambs. The lambs were divided into 5 groups. The groups were fed with pelleted concentrate feed mixtures including 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 % and 40 % of DPM instead of sunflower cake respectively. Concentrate feed mixtures have been fed to the lambs ad libitum. Meanwhile each lamb received 100 g wheat straw daily. Feed and drinking water were given individually to all lambs. According to the results of fattening experiment, live weight, daily weight gain differences of the groups were insignificant. Average final weight and daily weight gain of groups were determined as 37.6±0.54, 36.4±0.69, 37.5±1.03, 36.9±0.52 and 35.4±0.52 kg, 271.4±11.18, 251.2±10.17, 266.1±14.47, 258.9±6.89 and 237.5±7.36 g respectively. Average daily feed consumption, feed consumption far 1 kg of live weight gain of the groups were determined as 1341±17.4, 1344±22.6, 1408±28.1, 1496±22.2, 1442±12.6 g and 4.94±0.22, 5.34±0.23, 5.29±0.27, 5.78±0.21, 6.07±0.29 kg respectively. Feeding with rations supplemented 30 % and 40 % DPM significantly (P<0.01 and P<0.05) increased feed consumption and water intake of the lambs. In addition, feeding 40 % DPM increased feed consumption for 1 kg of live weight gain significantly (p< 0.05). Average hot and cold carcass weight, hot and cold dressing percentage, cooling loose and pelvic cavity-kidney fat weight differences of fattening groups were insignificant. However, it has been determined that the differences of slaughter house and carcass characters of lambs slaughtered before and after fattening were statistically significant (P<0.01).
Description
Keywords
Kuzular, Proteinler, Tavuk gübresi, Yem değeri, Lambs, Proteins, Poultry manure, Feed value
Citation
Ak, İ. (1990). Kurutulmuş tavuk gübresinin yem değeri ve kuzu besisinde protein kaynağı olarak kullanılma olanakları. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.