İnegöl ilçesindeki özel hava kirleticilerinin belirlenmesi
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Date
2023
Authors
Çalışkan, Burak
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu çalışma, Bursa/İnegöl ilçesindeki PAH, ağır metaller ve siloksan konsantrasyonlarının bölgesel ve zamansal değişimlerini inceleyerek mekânsal farklılıkları ve potansiyel kirletici kaynakları belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. PAH ve ağır metal konsantrasyonlarını ölçmek için ilçenin iki farklı noktasında yüksek hacimli hava örnekleme cihazları kullanılmıştır. PAH örnekleri Aralık 2017 ile Kasım 2018 tarihleri arasında toplanmış, ağır metal örnekleri ise Ocak 2018 ile Kasım 2018 tarihleri arasında alınmıştır. Siloksan konsantrasyonları ise ilçesinin 22 farklı noktasında pasif hava örnekleme cihazları ile yaz (Haziran 2020 ile Temmuz 2020) ve kış aylarında (Aralık 2020 - Ocak 2021) toplanmıştır. Küçük sanayi bölgesi (KSB) ve organize sanayi bölgesini (OSB) temsil eden örnekleme noktalarında elde edilen ortalama toplam PAH konsantrasyonu sırasıyla 1111±1045 ng/m³ ve 772±864 ng/m³ olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu noktalardaki partikül madde konsantrasyonları ise OSB örnekleme noktasında ortalama 143,33±87,61 µg/m³ (12,57-437,88 µg/m³ ), KSB bölgesinde ise 186,42±126,93 µg/m³ (25,71-839,64 µg/m³ ) olarak bulunmuştur. Bölgedeki biyokütle atıklarının kontrolsüz yakılmasının bu sonuçlara yansıdığı görülmüştür. Moleküler tanı oranları ve PCA analiz sonuçlarının bu durumu desteklemektedir. Her iki analiz sonucuna göre bölgenin ana kirlilik kaynaklarının biyokütle yanması ile araç emisyonları olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ortalama ağır metal konsantrasyonlarında ise OSB örnekleme noktasındaki yıllık ortalama ağır metal konsantrasyonu, KSB bölgesindekinden yaklaşık %30 daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Bu noktalarda hesaplanan ortalama ağır metal konsantrasyonu KSB örnekleme noktasında ∑48 62,42±66,86 µg/m³ , OSB bölgesinde ise ∑48 83,20±114,49 µg/m³ olarak belirlenmiştir. Atmosferdeki yüksek ağır metal seviyeleri, bölgenin ciddi bir şekilde kirlendiğini göstermektedir. Kış aylarında ölçülen atmosferik siloksan konsantrasyonları, yaz aylarına kıyasla %117 daha yüksek bulunmuştur. İlçedeki ortalama siloksan konsantrasyonu yaz aylarında 190,48±122,71 ng/m³ iken kış aylarında 413,37±203,79 ng/m³ idi. Özellikle arıtma tesisi çevresinde yüksek siloksan konsantrasyonları bulunmuştur. PAH kaynaklı kanser riski, KSB örnekleme noktasında OSB bölgesine göre biraz daha yüksek olsa da, her iki bölge de genel olarak düşük risk kategorisindedir. Ağır metal kaynaklı risk ise çocuklarda yüksek, yetişkinlerde ise orta düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir.
This study aimed to investigate the regional and temporal variations of PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon), heavy metal, and siloxane concentrations in the İnegöl district of Bursa, with the goal of identifying spatial differences and potential sources of pollution. High-volume air sampling devices were used to measure PAH and heavy metal concentrations at two different locations in the district. PAH samples were collected between December 2017 and November 2018, while heavy metal samples were taken between January 2018 and November 2018. Siloxane concentrations were obtained using passive air sampling devices at 22 different points in the district during both summer (June 2020 to July 2020) and winter (December 2020 to January 2021). The average total PAH concentration obtained at sampling points representing the Small Industrial zone (KSB) and the Organized Industrial zone (OSB) were 1111 ± 1045 ng/m³ and 772 ± 864 ng/m³, respectively. The particulate matter concentrations at these points were found to be 143.33±87.61 µg/m³ (ranging from 12.57 to 437.88 µg/m³) in the OSB sampling point and 186.42±126.93 µg/m³ (ranging from 25.71 to 839.64 µg/m³) in the KSB area. It was observed that the uncontrolled burning of biomass waste in the region contributed to these results, which were supported by molecular diagnostic ratios and PCA analysis. According to both analyses, the primary sources of pollution in the region were biomass burning and vehicle emissions. In terms of average heavy metal concentrations, the annual average heavy metal concentration at the OSB sampling point was approximately 30% higher than that in the KSB region. The calculated average heavy metal concentration at the KSB sampling point was ∑48 62.42 µg/m³, while it was ∑48 83.20 µg/m³ in the OSB area. The high levels of heavy metals in the atmosphere indicate significant pollution in the region. Siloxane concentrations measured in the winter months were 117% higher than those in the summer months. The average siloxane concentration in the district was 190.48±122.71 ng/m³ in the summer and 413.37±203.79 ng/m³ in the winter, with particularly high siloxane concentrations observed around the wastewater treatment facility. The cancer risk associated with PAH exposure, while slightly higher in the KSB sampling point compared to the OSB area, generally falls into the low-risk category for both regions. On the other hand, the risk associated with heavy metal exposure is high for children and moderate for adults.
This study aimed to investigate the regional and temporal variations of PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon), heavy metal, and siloxane concentrations in the İnegöl district of Bursa, with the goal of identifying spatial differences and potential sources of pollution. High-volume air sampling devices were used to measure PAH and heavy metal concentrations at two different locations in the district. PAH samples were collected between December 2017 and November 2018, while heavy metal samples were taken between January 2018 and November 2018. Siloxane concentrations were obtained using passive air sampling devices at 22 different points in the district during both summer (June 2020 to July 2020) and winter (December 2020 to January 2021). The average total PAH concentration obtained at sampling points representing the Small Industrial zone (KSB) and the Organized Industrial zone (OSB) were 1111 ± 1045 ng/m³ and 772 ± 864 ng/m³, respectively. The particulate matter concentrations at these points were found to be 143.33±87.61 µg/m³ (ranging from 12.57 to 437.88 µg/m³) in the OSB sampling point and 186.42±126.93 µg/m³ (ranging from 25.71 to 839.64 µg/m³) in the KSB area. It was observed that the uncontrolled burning of biomass waste in the region contributed to these results, which were supported by molecular diagnostic ratios and PCA analysis. According to both analyses, the primary sources of pollution in the region were biomass burning and vehicle emissions. In terms of average heavy metal concentrations, the annual average heavy metal concentration at the OSB sampling point was approximately 30% higher than that in the KSB region. The calculated average heavy metal concentration at the KSB sampling point was ∑48 62.42 µg/m³, while it was ∑48 83.20 µg/m³ in the OSB area. The high levels of heavy metals in the atmosphere indicate significant pollution in the region. Siloxane concentrations measured in the winter months were 117% higher than those in the summer months. The average siloxane concentration in the district was 190.48±122.71 ng/m³ in the summer and 413.37±203.79 ng/m³ in the winter, with particularly high siloxane concentrations observed around the wastewater treatment facility. The cancer risk associated with PAH exposure, while slightly higher in the KSB sampling point compared to the OSB area, generally falls into the low-risk category for both regions. On the other hand, the risk associated with heavy metal exposure is high for children and moderate for adults.
Description
Keywords
PAH, Ağır metaller, Siloksanlar, Mobilya endüstrisi, Sağlık riski, Heavy metals, Siloxanes, Furniture industry, Health risk
Citation
Çalışkan, B. (2023). İnegöl ilçesindeki özel hava kirleticilerinin belirlenmesi. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.