Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e toplum sözleşmesi ve halkçılık
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Date
2018-11-18
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Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Meşruiyetini dayandırdığı halk egemenliği bağlamında toplum sözleşmesi kuramına dayanan modern devlet anlayışı, klasik siyaset felsefesinden farklı olarak bireyi siyasal özne olarak görmektedir. Osmanlı düşüncesinde de bilhassa Meşrutiyet anlayışı ile birlikte dillendirilen toplum sözleşmesi kuramı ve dönüşen “halk” kavramı ulus-devlete giden süreçte meşruiyetin dayanağı olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Makalede toplum sözleşmesi bağlamında egemenliğin meşruiyet kaynağı olarak beliren halk ve halkçılık anlayışının Osmanlı düşünürlerinden başlayarak Cumhuriyet dönemindeki algılanışı ve etkileri ele alınmaktadır. II. Meşrutiyet’le birlikte halka nispet edilen aşkın niteliklerin Millî Mücadele sonrasında irşada muhtaç niteliklere dönüşümü egemenlik bağlamında değerlendirilmektedir.
The concept of the modern state, based on the social contract theory in the context of popular sovereignty on which it is based, regards the individual as a political subject, unlike classical political philosophy. In Ottoman thought, the concept of the social contract and the transformed notion of the people, especially when mentioned alongside the Constitutional Monarchy, are the basis of legitimacy in the process leading to the nation-state. This article deals with the perception and the effects of the concept of the people and populism, starting with Ottoman thinkers, which emerged as the source of legitimacy of sovereignty in the context of the social contract. This paper evaluates how the people who were granted transcendental attributes in the Second Constitutional Monarchy, were transformed, right after theNational Struggle, to having to be trained to the true path in the context of sovereignty.
The concept of the modern state, based on the social contract theory in the context of popular sovereignty on which it is based, regards the individual as a political subject, unlike classical political philosophy. In Ottoman thought, the concept of the social contract and the transformed notion of the people, especially when mentioned alongside the Constitutional Monarchy, are the basis of legitimacy in the process leading to the nation-state. This article deals with the perception and the effects of the concept of the people and populism, starting with Ottoman thinkers, which emerged as the source of legitimacy of sovereignty in the context of the social contract. This paper evaluates how the people who were granted transcendental attributes in the Second Constitutional Monarchy, were transformed, right after theNational Struggle, to having to be trained to the true path in the context of sovereignty.
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Keywords
Toplum sözleşmesi, Egemenlik, Halk, Siyasal özne, Yurttaşlık, The social contract, Sovereignty, Peoples, Political subjectivity, Citizenship
Citation
Karakuş, G. (2018). "Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e toplum sözleşmesi ve halkçılık". International Journal of Social Inquiry, 11(2), 197-217.