Malatya ili kayısı bahçelerinin verimlilik durumlarının toprak analizleri ile değerlendirilmesi
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Date
2022-06-01
Authors
Akın, Alper
Aygül, Fatih Cengiz
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu araştırmanın amacı, Malatya ilindeki kayısı bahçesi topraklarında, bazı bitki besin maddesi kapsamlarının ve bazı fiziksel özelliklerinin belirlenmesidir. Toprak numuneleri, il genelindeki 579 adet farklı bahçeden, koordinatları kaydedilerek, 0-30 cm derinlikten alınmıştır. Alınan örneklerde bünye, pH, toplam tuz, kireç, organik madde, yarayışlı mikro (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn) ve makro (P, K, Ca, Mg) elementler analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, Malatya ilindeki kayısı bahçesi topraklarının %69.1’ini killi tın, %16.4’ünü kil ve %14.5’ini tın bünyeli toprakların oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kayısı bahçelerinin %88.9’u hafif alkali ve %10.9’u nötr topraklar sınıfında bulunmuştur. İl genelindeki kayısı bahçesi topraklarında, tuzluluk problemi olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Organik madde kapsamı açısından, toprakların %93.8’i az ve çok az, %4.1’i orta, %2.1’i ise yüksek ve çok yüksek sınıfında yer almıştır. Kayısı bahçesi topraklarının %68.4’ü fazla ve çok fazla, %18.1’i orta, %13.5’i ise az kireçli olarak belirlenmiştir. Yarayışlı fosfor kapsamı bakımından, toprakların %53.2’sinin yüksek ve çok yüksek, %46.8’inin ise orta, az ve çok az sınıfında yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ekstrakte edilebilir potasyum içerikleri bakımından ise, toprakların %94.8’i fazla sınıfında yer almıştır. Topraklarının tamamının ekstrakte edilebilir kalsiyum miktarları yeterli, fazla ve çok fazla düzeyinde bulunmuştur. Ekstrakte edilebilir magnezyum bakımından ise %97.2’si yeterli, fazla ve çok fazla düzeyindeyken %2.8’inin az düzeyinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yarayışlı demir, çinko ve mangan kapsamları bakımından Malatya ilindeki kayısı bahçesi toprakları sırasıyla %36.4’ü, %46.1’i ve %91.7’si az ve çok az sınıfında yer almıştır. Yarayışlı bakır içerikleri açısından ise noksanlık görülmemiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu veriler ışığında, ildeki kayısı bahçesi topraklarının organik madde kapsamlarının arttırılması gerekmektedir. Ayrıca yüksek düzeydeki kireç kapsamları nedeni ile özellikle kloroz görülen alanlarda, demir içerikli gübrelerin yapraktan uygulanması ve bitki besin maddesi noksanlıklarının görüldüğü bahçelerde, toprak analizlerine dayalı dengeli gübreleme programlarına yer verilmesi tavsiye edilmektedir.
The aim of this research is to determine some plant nutrient contents and some physical properties in apricot orchard soils in Malatya. Soil samples were taken from 579 different orchards throughout the province at a depth of 0-30 cm by recording their coordinates. Soil texture, pH, total soil salinity, calcium carbonate, organic matter, available micro (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn) and macro (P, K, Ca, Mg) elements were analyzed in soil samples. According to the results of the research, it has been determined that 69.1% of the apricot orchard soils in Malatya are clay loam, 16.4% are clay and 14.5% are loamy soils. 88.9% of the apricot orchards were found in slightly alkaline and 10.9% neutral Soils class. It has been determined that there is no salinity problem in the soils of the apricot orchards throughout the province. In terms of organic matter content, 93.8% of the soils were classified as low and very low, 4.1% as medium, 2.1% as high and very high category. It was determined that 68.4% of the apricot orchard soils are high and very high, 18.1% are medium and 13.5% are low calcareous. In terms of available phosphorus content, it was determined that 53.2% of the soils are in high and very high category, and 46.8% are in the medium, low and very low category. In terms of extractable potassium content, 94.8% of the soils are in the high category. The extractable calcium contents of the entire soil samples were found to be in sufficient, high and very high category. In terms of extractable magnesium, 97.2% of the soil samples was found to be in sufficient, high and very high category, while 2.8% was found to be in low category. In terms of available iron, zinc and manganese contents, 36.4%, 46.1% and 91.7% of the apricot orchard soils in Malatya were classified as low and very low category, respectively. No deficiency was observed in terms of available copper contents. As a result, in the light of these data, the organic matter content of the apricot orchard soils in the province should be increased. In addition, due to the high level of lime content, it is recommended to apply foliar iron-containing fertilizers, especially in areas with chlorosis, and to include balanced fertilization programs based on soil analysis in apricot orchards where plant nutrient deficiencies are prominent.
The aim of this research is to determine some plant nutrient contents and some physical properties in apricot orchard soils in Malatya. Soil samples were taken from 579 different orchards throughout the province at a depth of 0-30 cm by recording their coordinates. Soil texture, pH, total soil salinity, calcium carbonate, organic matter, available micro (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn) and macro (P, K, Ca, Mg) elements were analyzed in soil samples. According to the results of the research, it has been determined that 69.1% of the apricot orchard soils in Malatya are clay loam, 16.4% are clay and 14.5% are loamy soils. 88.9% of the apricot orchards were found in slightly alkaline and 10.9% neutral Soils class. It has been determined that there is no salinity problem in the soils of the apricot orchards throughout the province. In terms of organic matter content, 93.8% of the soils were classified as low and very low, 4.1% as medium, 2.1% as high and very high category. It was determined that 68.4% of the apricot orchard soils are high and very high, 18.1% are medium and 13.5% are low calcareous. In terms of available phosphorus content, it was determined that 53.2% of the soils are in high and very high category, and 46.8% are in the medium, low and very low category. In terms of extractable potassium content, 94.8% of the soils are in the high category. The extractable calcium contents of the entire soil samples were found to be in sufficient, high and very high category. In terms of extractable magnesium, 97.2% of the soil samples was found to be in sufficient, high and very high category, while 2.8% was found to be in low category. In terms of available iron, zinc and manganese contents, 36.4%, 46.1% and 91.7% of the apricot orchard soils in Malatya were classified as low and very low category, respectively. No deficiency was observed in terms of available copper contents. As a result, in the light of these data, the organic matter content of the apricot orchard soils in the province should be increased. In addition, due to the high level of lime content, it is recommended to apply foliar iron-containing fertilizers, especially in areas with chlorosis, and to include balanced fertilization programs based on soil analysis in apricot orchards where plant nutrient deficiencies are prominent.
Description
Keywords
Bitki besin elementi, Kayısı, Toprak özellikleri, Plant nutrient, Apricot, Soil properties
Citation
Akın, A. ve Aygül, F. A. (2022) "Malatya ili kayısı bahçelerinin verimlilik durumlarının toprak analizleri ile değerlendirilmesi". Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 36(1), 197-212.