Adana’da açık alan domates yetiştiriciliğinde Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) ve doğal düşmanlarının popülasyon takibi
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Date
2013-12-23
Authors
Portakaldalı, Mustafa
Öztemiz, Sevcan
Kütük, Halil
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Çalışma, 2011 ve 2012 yıllarında Adana İli Karataş İlçesinde yürütülmüştür. Popülasyon takibi Hazera 5656 sofralık oturak domates çeşidinde tarla koşullarında nisan-temmuz aylarında yapılmıştır. Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) ilk ergin çıkışının belirlenmesi amacıyla monitör amaçlı tuzak kullanılmıştır. Ergin birey popülasyon takibi tuzakta, ergin öncesi biyolojik dönemler ise haftalık sayımlarla 30 bitkide örnekleme yapılarak belirlenmiştir. İlk erginler nisan ayında yakalanmış ve en yüksek seviyesine haziran ayında ulaşmıştır. Nisan ayı başında düşük olan zararlı yoğunluğu haziran ayı sonuna doğru artış göstermiştir. Ergin öncesi dönemlerde bitki başına yumurta, larva ve pupa sayıları 2011 yılında sırası ile 2.20, 10.6, ve 1.67 adet; 2012 yılında ise 1.0, 4.1 ve 0.3 adet olarak belirlenmiştir. Zararlının tüm dönemler içerisinde en fazla larva dönemleri tespit edilmiş olup, en yüksek temmuz ayının ilk haftasında 10.6 adet/bitki olarak belirlenmiştir. Bulaşık meyve sayısı ise 2011 yılında 4.4 adet/bitki iken, 2012 yılında 1.2 adet/bitki olarak saptanmıştır. İki yıllık veriler karşılaştırıldığında, ikinci yıl T. absoluta ergin birey popülasyonunda %75, ergin öncesi biyolojik dönemlerinde ise %54.5-82 arasında bir azalma meydana geldiği belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada doğal düşman olarak Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reut.) ve Macrolophus sp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) belirlenmiştir. 2011 yılının mayıs ayında ilk N. tenuis bireyleri görülmeye başlanmış ve üretim sezonu sonuna kadar varlığını devam ettirerek 5.73 adet/bitki seviyesine kadar ulaşmıştır. Ancak, Macrolophus sp. popülasyonu varlığını sezon sonuna kadar devam ettirememiştir.
The study was carried out in Karatas district of Adana province in 2011 and 2012. Population monitoring was conducted under field conditions in tomato cultivar, Hazera 5656 during April-July. Trap was used for monitoring in order to determine the first adult emergence of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). The population monitoring of adult individuals were determined by trap whereas pre-pubescent biological stages were determined by sampling 30 plants per week. The first adults were captured in April and reached its highest level in June. The pest density which was low at the beginning of the season increased towards the end of June. The number of eggs, larvae and pupae per plant for pre-pubescent stages were 2.20, 10.6 and 1.67 units in 2011; 1.0, 4.1 and 0.3 units in 2012, respectively. Larvae stages of the pest were detected as the most abundant among the all biological stages that the highest number of larvae were determined at the first week of July as 10.6 larvae / plant. While the number of infected fruit was 4.4 unit/ plant in 2011, it was 1.2 unit / plant in 2012, respectively. When compared to two years of data, it was found that there was 75% reduction in adult population of T. absoluta and 54.5 to 82% in pre-pubescent biological stages in the second year. In the study, Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reut.) and Macrolophus sp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) were determined as natural enemy. The first N. tenuis individuals were seen in May of 2011, established its presence until the end of the production season and had reached to the level of 5.73 unit/plant. However, the population of Macrolophus sp. failed to establish its presence.
The study was carried out in Karatas district of Adana province in 2011 and 2012. Population monitoring was conducted under field conditions in tomato cultivar, Hazera 5656 during April-July. Trap was used for monitoring in order to determine the first adult emergence of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). The population monitoring of adult individuals were determined by trap whereas pre-pubescent biological stages were determined by sampling 30 plants per week. The first adults were captured in April and reached its highest level in June. The pest density which was low at the beginning of the season increased towards the end of June. The number of eggs, larvae and pupae per plant for pre-pubescent stages were 2.20, 10.6 and 1.67 units in 2011; 1.0, 4.1 and 0.3 units in 2012, respectively. Larvae stages of the pest were detected as the most abundant among the all biological stages that the highest number of larvae were determined at the first week of July as 10.6 larvae / plant. While the number of infected fruit was 4.4 unit/ plant in 2011, it was 1.2 unit / plant in 2012, respectively. When compared to two years of data, it was found that there was 75% reduction in adult population of T. absoluta and 54.5 to 82% in pre-pubescent biological stages in the second year. In the study, Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reut.) and Macrolophus sp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) were determined as natural enemy. The first N. tenuis individuals were seen in May of 2011, established its presence until the end of the production season and had reached to the level of 5.73 unit/plant. However, the population of Macrolophus sp. failed to establish its presence.
Description
Keywords
Domates, Açık alan, Tuta absoluta, Doğal düşman, Popülasyon takibi, Tomato, Open field, Natural enemy, Population monitoring
Citation
Portakaldalı, M. vd. (2013). "Adana’da açık alan domates yetiştiriciliğinde Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) ve doğal düşmanlarının popülasyon takibi". Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(2), 45-54.