Siyaset felsefesinde adalet, eşitlik, özgürlük
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Date
2016
Authors
Urhan, Veli
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Düşünce tarihine, Greklerden günümüze gelinceye kadar, bütünlüğü içerisinde bakıldığında, genel hatlarıyla birbirinden farklı iki adalet anlayışının oluşageldiğini söylemek mümkündür. İnsanların niteliksel eşitsizliği fikrine dayanan, etikle siyasetin birbirinden ayrı olarak düşünülmediği klasik etik ve siyaset felsefesinin adaleti. İnsanların niteliksel eşitliği fikrine dayanan, etikle siyasetin birbirinden tamamen ayrı olarak ele alındığı modern siyaset felsefesinin adaleti. Bu adalet artık söz konusu dört ana erdemden biri olarak düşünülmemektedir. Eşitlik kavramı, zaman zaman yanlış olarak, özdeşlik ya da aynılık anlamlarında da kullanılmakla birlikte, onun asıl anlamının her hangi bir şeyin bireyler arasında dengeli biçimde bölüştürülmesi olduğunun unutulmaması gerekir. Bireyler arasında neyin bölüştürüldüğüne bağlı olarak, birbirinden farklı eşitlik kavramlarından söz edilebilir. Eşitliğin en çok görülen üç şekli olarak, kurumsal eşitlik, biçimsel eşitlik ve fırsat eşitliği örneklerinden söz edilebilir. İnsanın var olduğu yerde varlıklarından söz edilebilecek olan ve birbiriyle bir karşıtlık ilişkisi içerisinde bulunan kavramlardan biri özgürlük diğeri otoritedir. Bu karşıtlık ilişkisi, toplum ya da bazı toplumsal sınıflar ile onları yöneten hükümet arasında var olduğu için, özgürlük otorite sahibi olan yöneticilerin despotik yönetimine karşı korunmayı ifade eden bir kavram olarak dikkati çeker. Özgürlük, en geniş anlamıyla, insan bireysel bir varlık olarak dikkate alındığında irade özgürlüğü, toplumsal bir varlık olarak dikkate alındığında siyasal özgürlük olarak gündeme gelir.
In thought history, From Greeks until today, when viewed in its entirety, it is possible to say in general terms that there has been occurred two different sense of justice. One of them is Justice of classical philosophy of ethics and politics that is not considered to be separated from each other based on the qualitative inequality of human being The other is modern political philosophy in which justice and ethics are treated as completely separated, based upon the idea qualitative inequality of human being This idea of justice has not been considered as one of the four cardinal virtues. The concept of equality is used wrongly from time to time in the sense of identity or sameness. However, it should be remembered that the original meaning of equality is apportioning of anything between individuals. Depending on what is divided between individuals, it can be said there are concepts of equality different from each other. As an example, Institutional, formal and equivalent justice can be mentioned as three the most common form of equality. Where there are people in existence, there are two concepts whose existence can be mentioned, and they are in an adversarial relationship with each other. One of the concepts is freedom. The other is authority. This contrast relationship is there between the government and society that determine them or some social classes. Due to this kind of relationship, freedom refers to the protection against the despotic rule of the managers who have the authority as a concept that attracts attention. Freedom, in the broadest sense, all things considered human being as an individual, freedom of the will, considered as a social being comes to the fore as political freedom.
In thought history, From Greeks until today, when viewed in its entirety, it is possible to say in general terms that there has been occurred two different sense of justice. One of them is Justice of classical philosophy of ethics and politics that is not considered to be separated from each other based on the qualitative inequality of human being The other is modern political philosophy in which justice and ethics are treated as completely separated, based upon the idea qualitative inequality of human being This idea of justice has not been considered as one of the four cardinal virtues. The concept of equality is used wrongly from time to time in the sense of identity or sameness. However, it should be remembered that the original meaning of equality is apportioning of anything between individuals. Depending on what is divided between individuals, it can be said there are concepts of equality different from each other. As an example, Institutional, formal and equivalent justice can be mentioned as three the most common form of equality. Where there are people in existence, there are two concepts whose existence can be mentioned, and they are in an adversarial relationship with each other. One of the concepts is freedom. The other is authority. This contrast relationship is there between the government and society that determine them or some social classes. Due to this kind of relationship, freedom refers to the protection against the despotic rule of the managers who have the authority as a concept that attracts attention. Freedom, in the broadest sense, all things considered human being as an individual, freedom of the will, considered as a social being comes to the fore as political freedom.
Description
Keywords
Siyaset, Adalet, Eşitlik, Özgürlük, Erdem, Politics, Justice, Equality, Freedom, Virtue
Citation
Urhan, V. (2016). "Siyaset felsefesinde adalet, eşitlik, özgürlük". Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 26, 103-119.