Gasset felsefesinde kitleselleşme sorunu, kültür eğitimi ve üniversitenin misyonu
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2023-03-22
Kurum Yazarları
Kocaman, Ayşe Çiğdem
Süreli Yayın başlığı
Süreli Yayın ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayınevi
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Özet
İspanya’nın önemli düşünürlerinden José Ortega y Gasset’e göre, Avrupa’da 19. yüzyılda başlayan kitleselleşme, 20. yüzyılda da toplumsal, kültürel, siyasal alanda önemli bir sorun haline gelmiştir. Kamusal yaşama bütünüyle kültürden yoksun, niteliksiz kitle insanının/kitlelerin hâkim olduğunu ileri süren Gasset, kitlelerin bu anlamda ayaklandığına, insanın kendini ve yaşamını yapılandırıp şekillendiren ortam koşullarının belirleyicisi haline geldiğine dikkat çekmektedir. Kitlelerin kamusal yaşam üzerindeki egemenliğini, kitleselleşme sorunu olarak nitelendiren Gasset, kendilerini dahi yönetmekten aciz olan kitlelerin ayaklanmasıyla birlikte, insanın kökten gerçekliği olarak gördüğü yaşamın her alanında sorumsuzluğun, başıboşluğun hüküm sürdüğünü düşünmektedir. Gasset’in gözünde bu durum, insanlığın geleceğini tehdit etmekte, tarihsel bir bunalımın kapısını aralamaktadır. Bu nedenle kitle insanını yeni baştan düzenlemenin, karakterini iyileştirmenin, ona sorumluluk ruhu, yaşamsal birtakım değerleri aşılamanın şart olduğunu belirtmektedir. Gasset’e göre bu da ancak üniversiteler aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilecek olan kültür eğitimiyle mümkündür. Yaşadığı dönemin toplumsal koşullarını şaşırtıcı bir berraklıkla tespit eden Gasset, kitleselleşme sorununa ilişkin ileri sürdüğü görüşleriyle güncelin ötesinde düşünebilen bir filozof ve eğitimcidir. Onun kitleselleşme sorununa yaklaşımı hem 21. yüzyılın dünyası hem de insanlığın geleceği açısından yol gösterici bir niteliktedir. Bu çalışma, Gasset’in felsefesinin odak noktasını oluşturan kitleselleşme sorununun doğasını, nedenlerini, bu sorunun çözümüyle bağlantılı olarak öne sürdüğü kültür eğitimiyle ilgili görüşlerini ve bu doğrultuda üniversiteye yüklediği misyonu ele almayı konu edinmektedir. Çalışmada Gasset’in, kitleselleşme sorunu ile kültür eğitimi ve üniversite, yükseköğrenim arasında nasıl bir bağ kurduğunu ortaya koymak amaçlanmaktadır.
According to José Ortega y Gasset, one of Spain’s most important philosophers, the massification, which began in Europe in the 19th century, has become a significant social, cultural, and political issue in the 20th century. Claiming that public life is completely devoid of culture and unqualified mass people/masses dominate, Gasset draws attention to the fact that the masses revolt in this sense and become the determinant of the circumstance conditions that structure and form one’s self and life. Gasset, who described the domination of the masses over public life as a problem of massification, believed that irresponsibility, aimlessness rule over all aspects of human life that he regarded as the radical reality, with the rebellion of masses, who were unable to govern even themselves. According to Gasset, who stated that this situation threatens the future of humanity, leads up to a historical crisis, and therefore it was essential to reshape mass man, to advance their characters, to plant them spirit of responsibility and certain fundamental values, this could only be accomplished through cultural education provided by universities. Gasset, who identified the social conditions of his time with astonishing clarity, was a philosopher and educator who could think beyond the present with his views on the problem of massification. For this reason, Gasset's approach to the problem of massification is a guide for both the world of the 21st century and the future of humanity. As a result, this research focuses on the nature and origins of the massification problem, which is at the center of Gasset’s philosophy, as well as his ideas on cultural education and the mission he put on the university accordingly. In the study, it is aimed to suggest how Gasset made connection between the problem of massification and cultural education, university, and higher education.
According to José Ortega y Gasset, one of Spain’s most important philosophers, the massification, which began in Europe in the 19th century, has become a significant social, cultural, and political issue in the 20th century. Claiming that public life is completely devoid of culture and unqualified mass people/masses dominate, Gasset draws attention to the fact that the masses revolt in this sense and become the determinant of the circumstance conditions that structure and form one’s self and life. Gasset, who described the domination of the masses over public life as a problem of massification, believed that irresponsibility, aimlessness rule over all aspects of human life that he regarded as the radical reality, with the rebellion of masses, who were unable to govern even themselves. According to Gasset, who stated that this situation threatens the future of humanity, leads up to a historical crisis, and therefore it was essential to reshape mass man, to advance their characters, to plant them spirit of responsibility and certain fundamental values, this could only be accomplished through cultural education provided by universities. Gasset, who identified the social conditions of his time with astonishing clarity, was a philosopher and educator who could think beyond the present with his views on the problem of massification. For this reason, Gasset's approach to the problem of massification is a guide for both the world of the 21st century and the future of humanity. As a result, this research focuses on the nature and origins of the massification problem, which is at the center of Gasset’s philosophy, as well as his ideas on cultural education and the mission he put on the university accordingly. In the study, it is aimed to suggest how Gasset made connection between the problem of massification and cultural education, university, and higher education.
Açıklama
Anahtar kelimeler
Kökten gerçeklik olarak insan yaşamı, Kitle insanı, Kitleselleşme, Kültür, Kültür eğitimi, Üniversite, Human life as radical reality, Mass man, Noble man, Massification, Culture, Culture education, University
Alıntı
Kocaman, A. Ç. (2023). ''Gasset felsefesinde kitleselleşme sorunu, kültür eğitimi ve üniversitenin misyonu''. Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 22(1), 213-263.