Estetiğin etik dönüşü: Jacques Rancière’in Jean-François Lyotard eleştirisi
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Date
2022-08-11
Authors
Önol, Tuğba Ayas
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Jacques Rancière, özellikle 1990 yılı sonrasında Jean-François Lyotard’ın politika ve sanatta “etik dönüş” (ethical turn) olarak ifade edilebilecek bir sapmaya neden olduğunu iddia eder. Ona göre Lyotard uyuşmazlığı (dissensus) bir yanlış (wrong) ya da felaket olarak mutlaklaştırmak suretiyle politikayı; estetik deneyimi temsil edilemeyene tanıklık statüsüne indirgeyerek de sanatı bir etik dönüşe sevk eder. Bu makalede sadece estetiğin etik dönüşü ele alınacaktır. Rancière açısından bakarsak günümüzde estetik ve sanat alanındaki sorun aslen politik ve entelektüel olan estetik alanın politik niteliğinin etiğe indirgenmiş ve bu vesileyle de politik kapasitesinin elinden alınmış olmasıdır. Rancière’e göre özellikle Lyotard’ın, Kant’ın yüce teorisi aracılığıyla estetik otonomi ile Kantçı ahlaki otonomiyi birleştirmiş olması, estetiğin politik niteliğinin etiğe indirgenmesine sebep olmuştur. Bu çalışma ilk olarak Rancière’in bu iddialarını sırasıyla ele alarak estetik ve sanatta sözü geçen etik dönüşün nasıl gerçekleştiğine odaklanacaktır. Ardından Lyotard’a yöneltmiş olduğu iddialar özelinde Rancière’e yapılan eleştirileri de göz önüne alarak son bölümde bu iddiaların haklılığını değerlendirmeye çalışacaktır.
Jacques Rancière contends that especially after 1990, Jean-François Lyotard caused a deviation in politics and art that can be described as an "ethical turn". According to him, Lyotard leads politics to an ethical turn by absolutizing dissensus as a wrong (tort) or disaster; and by reducing aesthetic experience to the status of sheer witnessing to the unrepresentable he also leads arts to an ethical turn. This article shall discuss only the ethical turn of aesthetics. From Rancière's point of view, the problem in the field of aesthetics and art today is that the political aspect of the aesthetic field, which is essentially political and intellectual, has been reduced to ethics and thus, its political capacity has been taken away. According to Rancière, the reduction of the political quality of aesthetics to ethics was caused especially by Lyotard's uniting of aesthetic autonomy with Kantian moral autonomy through Kant's theory of sublime. This study shall first address Rancière’s claims respectively and focus on how the aforementioned ethical turn in aesthetics and art took place. Then in the last section it shall try to evaluate the legitimacy of these allegations by also taking into account the criticisms made against Rancière in particular for his allegations against Lyotard.
Jacques Rancière contends that especially after 1990, Jean-François Lyotard caused a deviation in politics and art that can be described as an "ethical turn". According to him, Lyotard leads politics to an ethical turn by absolutizing dissensus as a wrong (tort) or disaster; and by reducing aesthetic experience to the status of sheer witnessing to the unrepresentable he also leads arts to an ethical turn. This article shall discuss only the ethical turn of aesthetics. From Rancière's point of view, the problem in the field of aesthetics and art today is that the political aspect of the aesthetic field, which is essentially political and intellectual, has been reduced to ethics and thus, its political capacity has been taken away. According to Rancière, the reduction of the political quality of aesthetics to ethics was caused especially by Lyotard's uniting of aesthetic autonomy with Kantian moral autonomy through Kant's theory of sublime. This study shall first address Rancière’s claims respectively and focus on how the aforementioned ethical turn in aesthetics and art took place. Then in the last section it shall try to evaluate the legitimacy of these allegations by also taking into account the criticisms made against Rancière in particular for his allegations against Lyotard.
Description
Keywords
Rancière, Lyotard, Kant, Estetik, Yüce, Uyuşmazlık, Etik dönüş, Kant, aesthetics, Sublime, Dissensus, Ethical turn
Citation
Önol, T. A. (2022). ''Estetiğin etik dönüşü: Jacques Rancière’in Jean-François Lyotard eleştirisi''. Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 21(2), 806-837.