Türkiye’de organ sağlama sisteminin tıp etiği açısından değerlendirilmesi
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Date
2023-05-31
Authors
Elgin, Ersin
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Çalışmamızın amacı Türkiye'deki organ temini ve sistemini tıp etiği açısındandeğerlendirmektir. Katılımcıların organ bağışı konusunda tam olarak bilgi sahibiolmadıkları ancak organ bağışı konusunda bilgi düzeylerinin yüksek olduğubelirlenmiştir. Organ bağışına yönelik tutumları ise olumsuzdur. Ancak katılımcılaruygulanan organ bağışı sisteminin uygun olduğunu düşünmektedir.Çalışmamız 15 Aralık 2021 - 15 Aralık 2022 tarihleri arasında B.U.Ü.T.F .'de toplam 700 hasta ve sağlık personeline anket uygulanarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Eldeedilen veriler; Pearson ki-kare ve Fisher-Freeman-Halton testleri SPSS 23 ile analizedilmiştir. Veriler ışığında organ temini ile ilgili altı etik soru tıp etiği ilkelerine göredeğerlendirilmiştir: yararlılık, zarar vermeme, özerkliğe saygı ve adalet.Ülkemizde bireyler özgür iradeleri ile organ bağışında bulunabilmektedir.Ayrıca birey hayatta iken organ bağışı yapmadığını belgelemesi halinde organlarıalınmamaktadır. Bu uygulamalar tıp etiğinin özerklik ilkesine uygundur. Organ bağışıbirimlerinin ülke genelinde yaygın olması da tıp etiğinin adalet ilkesinidesteklemektedir. Bunlar sistemin olumlu yönleridir.Organ bağışında bulunan kişilerin beyin ölümü gerçekleştikten sonra organbağışına ailelerin karar vermesi tıp etiğinin özerklik ilkesini ihlal edebilir. Organbağışının eğitim müfredatında yer almaması, organ bağışı sürecinde devlet tarafındanorgan bağışçılarına ve yakınlarına bazı pozitif ayrıcalıkların tanınmaması, yoğunbakım yataklarının ülke genelinde amaca uygun kullanılıp kullanılmadığınınbilinmemesi, kadavradan yeterince organ elde edilememesi ve bunun sonucundaülkemizin canlıdan organ naklinde dünyada ilk sıralarda yer alması sistemin olumsuzyönleridir.Organ bağışı ve teminini artırmak için geliştirilecek sağlık politikaları ileinsanların organ bağışına yönelik bilgi ve tutumları iyileştirilmelidir. Ülkemizdekicanlıdan organ nakillerini azaltmak için kadavradan organ temini artırılmalıdır. Ülkemizde 48.000'den fazla yoğun bakım yatağı bulunmasına rağmen bunlarınamacına uygun kullanılıp kullanılmadığı tespit edilmelidir. Beyin ölümü vakalarıtespit edilirken profesyonel ekipler oluşturulmalı ve desteklenmelidir. Çalışmamızınsonuçları ülkemizdeki sistemi desteklese de organ bağışı konusunda daha fazlasınaihtiyaç vardır. Bu nedenle yeni bir organ bağışı sistemi geliştirilmelidir.
Our study aimed to evaluate organ procurement and system in Turkey in termsof medical ethics. It was determined that the participants were not fully informed aboutorgan donation, but their knowledge about it was high. Their attitudes towards organdonation were negative. However, the participants think that the organ donationsystem implemented is appropriate.Our study was conducted between December 15, 2021, and December 15,2022, at B.U.Ü.T.F. by surveying 700 patients and healthcare personnel. The dataobtained; from Pearson chi-square and Fisher-Freeman-Halton tests were analyzedwith SPSS 23. In light of the data, six ethical questions related to organ procurementwere evaluated according to the principles of medical ethics: beneficence,nonmaleficence, respect for autonomy, and justice.In our country, individuals can donate organs of their free will. In addition, if theindividual documents that they do not donate organs while they are alive, their organsare not harvested. These practices comply with the principle of autonomy of medicalethics. The fact that organ donation units are widespread throughout the countrysupports the principle of justice in medical ethics. These are positive aspects of thesystem.The fact that families decide on organ donation after the brain death of organdonors may violate the principle of autonomy of medical ethics. The negative aspectsof the system are that organ donation is not included in the education curriculum, somepositive privileges are not granted to organ donors and their relatives by the stateduring the organ donation process, it is not known whether intensive care beds are usedpurposefully throughout the country, and not enough organs are obtained fromcadavers. As a result, our country ranks first in the world in live organ transplantation.To increase organ donation and procurement, people's knowledge and attitudestoward organ donation should be improved through health policies to be developed.The supply of organs from cadavers should be increased to reduce live organtransplants in our country. Although there are more than 48,000 intensive care beds,whether they are used for their intended purpose should be determined. Professionalteams should be formed and supported when detecting brain death cases. Although ourstudy's results support our country's system, more is needed for organ donation.Therefore, a new organ donation system should be developed.
Our study aimed to evaluate organ procurement and system in Turkey in termsof medical ethics. It was determined that the participants were not fully informed aboutorgan donation, but their knowledge about it was high. Their attitudes towards organdonation were negative. However, the participants think that the organ donationsystem implemented is appropriate.Our study was conducted between December 15, 2021, and December 15,2022, at B.U.Ü.T.F. by surveying 700 patients and healthcare personnel. The dataobtained; from Pearson chi-square and Fisher-Freeman-Halton tests were analyzedwith SPSS 23. In light of the data, six ethical questions related to organ procurementwere evaluated according to the principles of medical ethics: beneficence,nonmaleficence, respect for autonomy, and justice.In our country, individuals can donate organs of their free will. In addition, if theindividual documents that they do not donate organs while they are alive, their organsare not harvested. These practices comply with the principle of autonomy of medicalethics. The fact that organ donation units are widespread throughout the countrysupports the principle of justice in medical ethics. These are positive aspects of thesystem.The fact that families decide on organ donation after the brain death of organdonors may violate the principle of autonomy of medical ethics. The negative aspectsof the system are that organ donation is not included in the education curriculum, somepositive privileges are not granted to organ donors and their relatives by the stateduring the organ donation process, it is not known whether intensive care beds are usedpurposefully throughout the country, and not enough organs are obtained fromcadavers. As a result, our country ranks first in the world in live organ transplantation.To increase organ donation and procurement, people's knowledge and attitudestoward organ donation should be improved through health policies to be developed.The supply of organs from cadavers should be increased to reduce live organtransplants in our country. Although there are more than 48,000 intensive care beds,whether they are used for their intended purpose should be determined. Professionalteams should be formed and supported when detecting brain death cases. Although ourstudy's results support our country's system, more is needed for organ donation.Therefore, a new organ donation system should be developed.
Description
Keywords
Organ bağışı, Beyin ölümü, Varsayılan onam, Aktif bağış, Tıp etiği, Organ donation, Brain death, Presumed consent, Informed consent, Medical ethics
Citation
Elgin, E. (2023). Türkiye’de organ sağlama sisteminin tıp etiği açısından değerlendirilmesi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.