Farklı meyve türlerinde UFO (upright fruiting offshoots) terbiye sisteminin uygulanabilirliği
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Date
2024
Authors
Koşar, Mevlüt Batuhan
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu araştırma, erik, kayısı, şeftali, vişne, armut, ayva ve elma türlerinde UFO (Upright Fruiting Offshoots) terbiye sisteminin ülkemiz koşullarında uygulanabilirliğini belirlemek amacıyla Bursa’da 2019-2023 yılları arasında yapılmıştır. Çalışmada UFO terbiye sistemi (3,50 × 1,60 m) erik, kayısı, şeftali ve ayva türlerinde Goble terbiye sistemi (5 × 3 m) ile; armut, elma ve vişne türlerinde Merkezi Lider terbiye sistemi (5 × 3 m) ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Araştırmada materyal olarak ‘Black Diamond’ (erik), ‘Orange Rubis’ (kayısı), ‘Extreme July’ (şeftali), ‘Kütahya’ (vişne), ‘Deveci’ (armut), ‘Eşme’ (ayva), ‘Jeromine’ (elma) ve ‘Scarlet Spur’ (elma) çeşitlerine ait ağaçların kullanıldığı bahçede terbiye sistemlerinin ağaçların fenolojik safhaları, büyüme-gelişme kriterleri, verim, meyve kalite kriterleri, budama için gereksinim duyulan işçilik süreleri ve birim zamanda meyve toplama miktarı üzerine etkileri belirlenmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre terbiye sistemlerinin ağaçların büyüme-gelişme özellikleri üzerine etkilerinin farklı olduğu görülmüştür. UFO terbiye sistemindeki ağaçların vejetatif gelişimlerinin daha düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tüm meyve türlerinde UFO sistemine uygun terbiye edilen ağaçların dekara verim miktarı daha yüksek tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada terbiye sistemlerinin budama işçilik süreleri ve birim zamanda meyve toplama miktarı üzerine etkisinin farklı olduğu belirlenmiştir. BA 29 bodur ayva anacı üzerine aşılı armut ağaçlarında UFO sisteminde dikey sürgünlerin üst tellere ulaşması gecikmiş ve meyve duvarı formunun oluşmadığı belirlenmiştir. Bu nedenle UFO sistemi ile kurulacak bahçelerde kuvvetli veya orta kuvvetli anaçların tercih edilmesi gerektiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak kayısı, erik, ayva, elma, vişne ve armut türlerinde UFO sisteminin uygulanabileceği ancak tek yıllık sürgünlerde meyve veren şeftalide sistemin gerektirdiği prensiplere göre UFO sistemin oluşturulmasının güç olduğu, farklı uygulamalara ihtiyaç duyulduğu belirlenmiştir.
This research was conducted in Bursa between 2019 and 2023 to determine the applicability of the UFO (Upright Fruiting Offshoots) training system in plum, apricot, peach, sour cherry, pear, quince and apple species under our country's conditions. In the study, the UFO training system (3.50 × 1.60 m) was compared with the Goble training system (5 × 3 m) in plum, apricot, peach and quince species; It was compared with the Central Leader training system (5 × 3 m) in pear, apple and sour cherry species. The materials used in the research were 'Black Diamond' (plum), 'Orange Rubis' (apricot), 'Extreme July' (peach), 'Kütahya' (sour cherry), 'Deveci' (pear), 'Eşme' (quince), 'Jeromine' (apple) and 'Scarlet Spur' (apple) cultivars were used in the orchard, the effects of training systems on the phenological stages of the trees, growth-development criteria, yield, fruit quality criteria, labor time required for pruning and the amount of fruit picking per unit time were determined. According to the findings obtained from the research, it was seen that the effects of training systems on the growth and development characteristics of trees were different. It was determined that the vegetative development of trees in the UFO training system was lower. It has been determined that the yield per decare of trees trained according to the UFO system is higher in all fruit species. In the study, it was determined that the effects of training systems on pruning labor times and the amount of fruit picking per unit time were different. In pear trees grafted on BA 29 dwarf quince rootstock, it was determined that in the UFO system, vertical shoots were delayed in reaching the upper wires and fruit wall form was not formed. For this reason, it has been revealed that vigorous or semi-vigorous rootstocks should be preferred in orchards to be established with the UFO system. As a result, it has been determined that the UFO system can be applied in apricot, plum, quince, apple, sour cherry and pear species, but it is difficult to constitute a UFO system in peach, which bears fruit on annual shoots, according to the principles required by the system, and different applications are needed.
This research was conducted in Bursa between 2019 and 2023 to determine the applicability of the UFO (Upright Fruiting Offshoots) training system in plum, apricot, peach, sour cherry, pear, quince and apple species under our country's conditions. In the study, the UFO training system (3.50 × 1.60 m) was compared with the Goble training system (5 × 3 m) in plum, apricot, peach and quince species; It was compared with the Central Leader training system (5 × 3 m) in pear, apple and sour cherry species. The materials used in the research were 'Black Diamond' (plum), 'Orange Rubis' (apricot), 'Extreme July' (peach), 'Kütahya' (sour cherry), 'Deveci' (pear), 'Eşme' (quince), 'Jeromine' (apple) and 'Scarlet Spur' (apple) cultivars were used in the orchard, the effects of training systems on the phenological stages of the trees, growth-development criteria, yield, fruit quality criteria, labor time required for pruning and the amount of fruit picking per unit time were determined. According to the findings obtained from the research, it was seen that the effects of training systems on the growth and development characteristics of trees were different. It was determined that the vegetative development of trees in the UFO training system was lower. It has been determined that the yield per decare of trees trained according to the UFO system is higher in all fruit species. In the study, it was determined that the effects of training systems on pruning labor times and the amount of fruit picking per unit time were different. In pear trees grafted on BA 29 dwarf quince rootstock, it was determined that in the UFO system, vertical shoots were delayed in reaching the upper wires and fruit wall form was not formed. For this reason, it has been revealed that vigorous or semi-vigorous rootstocks should be preferred in orchards to be established with the UFO system. As a result, it has been determined that the UFO system can be applied in apricot, plum, quince, apple, sour cherry and pear species, but it is difficult to constitute a UFO system in peach, which bears fruit on annual shoots, according to the principles required by the system, and different applications are needed.
Description
Keywords
Terbiye sistemi, Budama, Vejetatif gelişme, Meyve kalitesi, Verim, Training system, Pruning, Vegetative development, Fruit quality, Yield
Citation
Koşar, M. B. (2024). Farklı meyve türlerinde UFO (upright fruiting offshoots) terbiye sisteminin uygulanabilirliği. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.