20. yüzyıl tıp tarihinde hasta-hekim ilişkisinin fenomenolojik analizi
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Date
2022-07-04
Authors
Güzeloğlu, Tuğşat
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
20. yüzyıl tıbbı, bilimsel ve teknolojik gelişmeler ile önemli ilerlemeler kaydetmiş olmasına rağmen, söz konusu yüzyılın tıbbi dünya görüşü, hastalık deneyiminin tam olarak anlaşılmasını engelleyen patolojik ve anotomik hastalık görüşüne bağlı olarak, hastalığın belli paradigmalar içerisinde ele alınmasını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Hekimin bir teori içerisinde, hastayı teori nesnesi kılarak hastalığa yaklaşımı, hasta-hekim ilişkisinde birtakım sorunları açığa çıkarmıştır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, felsefenin tıp tarafından ihmal edildiği modern tıp anlayışında, hasta-hekim ilişkisinin analizi için, fenomenolojik yöntem ve bu yöntemin günümüz tıbbında uygulanabilirliği ve bu uygulanabirliğin hangi boyutlarda olduğu/olabileceği konusu ele alınmıştır. Tıpta fenomenoloji, hasta olan-ın yaşadığı hastalık deneyimin, (birincil şahıs hastalık deneyiminin) betimlenmesine izin veren bir olanak olarak, tıp pratiğinde hastanın hastalığı yaşama şekli ile hekimin hastaya bakış açısının farklılığını ortaya koyma imkânıdır. Böylece tıbbi ilerlemelerdeki tüm olumlu gelişmelere rağmen, hastanın fiziksel bedenine indirgendiği bir tıp yaklaşımını eleştiren ve teori öncesi bir yöntem ve düşünme biçimine işaret eden fenomenoloji, tıbbi fenomenlerin, (hastalık, sağlık vb. gibi) deneyimleyenlerin perspektifinden keşfedilmesini sağlamaktadır. Tıpta felsefe bağlamında konu ile ilgili materyallerin incelendiği (doküman analizi) ve fenomenolojik yöntemin kullanıldığı çalışmada, tıbbi olay ve durumları anlamak için felsefi bir yöntem olan fenomenolojinin tıpta büyük bir olanak olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Although remarkable progress has been made in the 20th century with medical, scientific and technological developments, the medical worldview of the century requires that the disease be handled within certain paradigms, depending on the pathological and anatomical view of disease that prevents the full understanding of the disease experience. The approach of the doctor/physician to the disease by making the patient an object of theory within a theory has revealed some problems in the patient-physician relationship. In this framework, in this thesis, the phenomenological method, the applicability of this method in today's medicine and the dimensions of this applicability has been addressed for the analysis of the patient-physician relationship in the understanding of modern medicine, where philosophy is neglected by medicine. Phenomenology in medicine is an opportunity to reveal the difference between the way the patient experiences the disease and the physician's perspective on the patient in medical practice, as a possibility that allows the patient to describe/explain the disease experience (first person disease experience).Thus, despite all the positive developments in medical advances, phenomenology, which criticizes a medical approach in which the patient is reduced to his physical body and points to a pre-theoretical method and way of thinking, enables the discovery of medical phenomena (such as illness, health, etc.) from the perspective of those who experience it. In this thesis study, in which the materials related to philosophy in medicine are examined (document analysis) and the phenomenological method is used, it is concluded that phenomenology, which is a philosophical method to understand medical events and situations, is a great opportunity in medicine.
Although remarkable progress has been made in the 20th century with medical, scientific and technological developments, the medical worldview of the century requires that the disease be handled within certain paradigms, depending on the pathological and anatomical view of disease that prevents the full understanding of the disease experience. The approach of the doctor/physician to the disease by making the patient an object of theory within a theory has revealed some problems in the patient-physician relationship. In this framework, in this thesis, the phenomenological method, the applicability of this method in today's medicine and the dimensions of this applicability has been addressed for the analysis of the patient-physician relationship in the understanding of modern medicine, where philosophy is neglected by medicine. Phenomenology in medicine is an opportunity to reveal the difference between the way the patient experiences the disease and the physician's perspective on the patient in medical practice, as a possibility that allows the patient to describe/explain the disease experience (first person disease experience).Thus, despite all the positive developments in medical advances, phenomenology, which criticizes a medical approach in which the patient is reduced to his physical body and points to a pre-theoretical method and way of thinking, enables the discovery of medical phenomena (such as illness, health, etc.) from the perspective of those who experience it. In this thesis study, in which the materials related to philosophy in medicine are examined (document analysis) and the phenomenological method is used, it is concluded that phenomenology, which is a philosophical method to understand medical events and situations, is a great opportunity in medicine.
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Keywords
20. yüzyıl, Tıp, Hasta, Hekim, Fenomenoloji, Twentieth century, Medicine, Patient, Physician, Phenomenology
Citation
Güzeloğlu, T. (2022). 20. yüzyıl tıp tarihinde hasta-hekim ilişkisinin fenomenolojik analizi. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.