Tefsir-Siyer ilişkisi ve taberî örneği
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Date
2019-08-14
Authors
Soycan, Mustafa
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Kur’ân, İslâmî ilimlere hem kaynaklık etmiş, hem de bu ilimlerle ilgili ilkeler, amaçlar tayin ederek çerçevesini belirlemiştir. Kur’ân’ın Hz. Peygamber’in örnekliğini nazara vermesi ve sîreti hakkında bazen tafsîlî, bazen de icmâlî bilgiler vermesi siyer ilminin ortaya çıkmasını netice vermiştir. Kur’ân’ın konuları kendine özgü bir üslupla sunması siyerle ilgili âyetlerin tespitinin yapılmasını zorlaştırmaktadır. Klasik siyer kitaplarında siyerle ilgili âyetlere konuların takdiminde daha çok bağdaştırma amaçlı olarak yer verilmiş, âyetin bağlamı ve manaya delâletini tespit etme çoğunlukla söz konusu olmamıştır. Siyer yazımında Kur’ân’dan yararlanmak için hem konuyla ilgili âyetlerin bağlamının hem de manaya delâletinin vuzuha kavuşturulması gerekiyor. Bu güçlüğü aşmak için tefsir ilminden yararlanmamız gerekmektedir. Siyer-tefsir ilişkisini ortaya koyma adına ilk dönem tefsirinin zirvesi diyebileceğimiz Taberî tefsirinin önemli bir yeri vardır. Taberî, Kur’ân’ın bütünlüğü, âyetin bağlamı, sahih hadis, icmâ, tarihi ve sosyal gerçeklik, tabii gerçekler, akli gerçekler, Arapça’nın temel özellikleri, zâhir anlam, nesh gibi birtakım ilkelere başvurarak siyer-tefsir ilişkisini tespit etmeye çalışmıştır.
The Qur’ān has been a source of Islamic sciences and has determined its framework by determining the principles and aims of these sciences. Because the Qur’ān mentions of the Prophet as a role model and gives some detailed and sometimes brief information about his life, the science of sīrah had emerged. The fact that the Qur’ān presents its subjects in a unique way makes it difficult to determine the verses related to the life of the Prophet. In the classical sīrah sources, verses related to the sīrah were mostly involved in reconciliation, and the context and meaning of the verse were often ignored. To use the Qur’ān in the sira writing, both the context of the verses and the meaning of the verses should be clarified. In order to overcome this difficulty, it is inevitable to benefit from the science of the Qur’ānic exegesis. To reveal the relationship between the sciences of sīrah and Qur’ānic exegesis, the tafsir of alṬabarī, which can be called as the summit of exegesis of the Qur’ān in the early period, has an important place. Al-Ṭabarī tried to determine the relationship between the sciences of sīrah and Qur’ānic exegesis by referring to a number of principles such as integrity of Qur’ān, the context of the verse, authentic tradition, ijmā’ (consensus), historical and social reality, natural reality, the possibilities of Arabic language, apparent meaning, abrogation.
The Qur’ān has been a source of Islamic sciences and has determined its framework by determining the principles and aims of these sciences. Because the Qur’ān mentions of the Prophet as a role model and gives some detailed and sometimes brief information about his life, the science of sīrah had emerged. The fact that the Qur’ān presents its subjects in a unique way makes it difficult to determine the verses related to the life of the Prophet. In the classical sīrah sources, verses related to the sīrah were mostly involved in reconciliation, and the context and meaning of the verse were often ignored. To use the Qur’ān in the sira writing, both the context of the verses and the meaning of the verses should be clarified. In order to overcome this difficulty, it is inevitable to benefit from the science of the Qur’ānic exegesis. To reveal the relationship between the sciences of sīrah and Qur’ānic exegesis, the tafsir of alṬabarī, which can be called as the summit of exegesis of the Qur’ān in the early period, has an important place. Al-Ṭabarī tried to determine the relationship between the sciences of sīrah and Qur’ānic exegesis by referring to a number of principles such as integrity of Qur’ān, the context of the verse, authentic tradition, ijmā’ (consensus), historical and social reality, natural reality, the possibilities of Arabic language, apparent meaning, abrogation.
Description
Keywords
Tefsir, Taberî, Tarih, Siyer, Kur’ân, Tafsir, al-Ṭabarī, Qur’ān, Sīrah, History
Citation
Soycan, M. (2019). "Tefsir-Siyer ilişkisi ve taberî örneği". Uludağ Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(1), 471-496.