Sosyal rollerin inşasında oyuncak bebeğin etkisi: Barbie örneği
Date
2024-07-22
Authors
Bilge, Abdullah
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Cinsiyet ve toplumsal cinsiyet kavramları farklı şeyleri ifade ediyor olsalar da bu iki kavramın birbirinden bağımsız düşünülmesi imkansızdır. Cinsiyet, genetik aktarımın sonucu oluşur. Toplumsal cinsiyet kalıplarıysa biyolojik cinsiyet üzerinden kültür temelli şekillenir. Ataerkil sistemin şekillendirdiği bu kalıplar kadın ve erkek bireylere doğdukları andan itibaren toplumun çeşitli kurumları tarafından dayatılır. Aile, din, eğitim, medya ve sanat gibi oyun faaliyeti de toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin benimsetilmesine aracılık eder. Oyun eylemi çocuğun dünyayı keşfetmesine yardımcı olur. Eğlendirici ya da eğitici olabilen oyun sürecinde kullanılan yardımcı araçlara oyuncak adı verilmektedir. Kültürle bağlantılı olarak oyuncaklar arasında cinsiyet temelli bir ayrışma söz konusudur. Bebekler genelde kız çocukların oyun gereçleri olarak kabul görmüştür. Kızlar bebekleri aracılığıyla gelecekte üstlenmeleri beklenen rolleri prova ederler. Bu çalışmanın amacı, popülerliği günden güne artan Barbie bebeğin serüvenini incelemektir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma tekniklerinden biri olan doküman analizi kullanılmıştır. Toplumsal açıdan bakıldığında oyuncak bebeklerin sahipleri olan küçük kızları gelecekteki rollerine hazırlamak gibi temel bir işlevi bulunmaktadır. Geleneksel olarak bu oyuncaklar bebektir, küçük kızlar da onların anneleri. Bu oyun kurgusu ataerkil sistemin kadına yüklediği rollerin değişmeden devam etmesine hizmet eder. Barbie’nin yarattığı devrim ise bu kurguyu değiştirmek olmuştur. Barbie, küçük kızlar için bir bebek değil rol modeldir. Sunduğu senaryo deneyimi sayesinde dolaylı olarak bir hayalin pazarlandığı Barbie kusursuz beden imajıyla sahiplerinin beden algılarını ve özgüvenlerini olumsuz etkileyebilmektedir. Aynı zamanda bireyleri ihtiyacın dışında bir tüketime yöneltmektedir.
Although the concepts of sex and gender mean different things, it is impossible to consider these two concepts independently of each other. Sex is the result of genetic transmission. Gender stereotypes, on the other hand, are shaped by culture based on biological sex. These patterns shaped by the patriarchal system are imposed on male and female individuals by various institutions of society from the moment they are born. The act of playing, like family, religion, education, media and art, mediates the adoption of gender roles. The act of playing helps the child discover the world. The auxiliary tools used in the play process, which can be entertaining or educational, are called toys. In relation to culture, there is a gender-based segregation of toys. Dolls are generally accepted as playthings for girls. Through their dolls, girls rehearse the roles they are expected to assume in the future. The aim of this study is to examine the adventure of the Barbie doll, whose popularity is increasing day by day. Document analysis, one of the qualitative research techniques, was used in the study. From a social perspective, dolls have a basic function of preparing their owners, little girls, for their future roles. Traditionally, these toys are dolls and little girls are their mothers. This play fiction serves to continue the roles that the patriarchal system imposes on women unchanged. The revolution created by Barbie has been to change this fiction. Barbie is not a doll but a role model for little girls. However, Barbie, which indirectly markets a dream through the scenario experience it offers, can negatively affect the body perception and self-confidence of its owners with its perfect body image. Additionally, Barbie directs individuals to consume beyond their needs.
Although the concepts of sex and gender mean different things, it is impossible to consider these two concepts independently of each other. Sex is the result of genetic transmission. Gender stereotypes, on the other hand, are shaped by culture based on biological sex. These patterns shaped by the patriarchal system are imposed on male and female individuals by various institutions of society from the moment they are born. The act of playing, like family, religion, education, media and art, mediates the adoption of gender roles. The act of playing helps the child discover the world. The auxiliary tools used in the play process, which can be entertaining or educational, are called toys. In relation to culture, there is a gender-based segregation of toys. Dolls are generally accepted as playthings for girls. Through their dolls, girls rehearse the roles they are expected to assume in the future. The aim of this study is to examine the adventure of the Barbie doll, whose popularity is increasing day by day. Document analysis, one of the qualitative research techniques, was used in the study. From a social perspective, dolls have a basic function of preparing their owners, little girls, for their future roles. Traditionally, these toys are dolls and little girls are their mothers. This play fiction serves to continue the roles that the patriarchal system imposes on women unchanged. The revolution created by Barbie has been to change this fiction. Barbie is not a doll but a role model for little girls. However, Barbie, which indirectly markets a dream through the scenario experience it offers, can negatively affect the body perception and self-confidence of its owners with its perfect body image. Additionally, Barbie directs individuals to consume beyond their needs.
Description
Keywords
Toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri, Oyuncak bebek, Barbie, Oyun, Gender roles, Play, Doll