Sanat sosyolojisine giriş: Kavramlar, yaklaşımlar ve temel ayırımlar
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Date
2010-09-07
Authors
Ülker, Özge
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Sanat eserleri toplumsal ürünlerdir; içinde üretildikleri toplumun kültürünü, dinini, ahlâkını, insana ve doğaya yaklaşımını form ve içeriklerinde yansıtırlar. Onlar aynı zamanda ekonomi ve politik alanların ilgi ve çıkarlarını da taşırlar. Sanatçı toplumun dışında ve üstünde yaratıcı, bireysel deha değildir. O da bütün diğer bireyler gibi bir toplumda doğar ve yaşar, ve bu toplumun özelliklerini eserlerine aktarır. Sanat eserleriyle karşı karşıya gelen, onları değerlendiren ve onlardan haz duyan kişiler de toplumsal öznelerdir. Bu nedenle estetik yargılar da toplumun kültüründen, felsefesinden, inançlarından, ekonomik ve politik ilgilerden/çıkarlardan bağımsız düşünülemez. `Güzel' belirli bir tarihsel dönem, belirli bir toplum ya da toplumsal grup için güzeldir. Sanat eserleri, `sanatçı', sanat eserinin ve sanatçının değeri 19. yüzyıldan itibaren sanatçı, eleştirmen, küratör, yayınevi ve galeri sahipleri/yöneticileri, sanat eseri alıcı ve satıcılarından oluşan bir `sanat alanı'nda üretilir. Sanat alanı'nı göz ardı eden bir sosyolojik inceleme sanatları anlamada yeterli bir yaklaşım geliştiremeyecektir. Ayrıca sanat, sanat eseri ve sanatçı kavramlarının kendileri de belirli bir tarihsel döneme ve topluma aittir, ve bu yüzden onlar da sosyolojik incelemeye tabi tutulmalıdır.
The works of art are social artifacts; they reflect in their forms and contents the culture, religion, morality, the view of nature and society, in which they are produced. They also contain of concerns and interests of economic and political structures. There is no creative, individual genius artist outside and above his/her society. In contrary, the artist like other social actors borns and lives in a society and make use of the features his/her society. Moreover, there are other social actors in the process of the production of works of art; those confront, assess them and pleasure from them. For this reason, aesthetic judgements and decisions can not apart from the culture, history, believes, economic-political interests of society. `The beautiful is only beautiful in terms of a specific historical era, a specific society or social group. The work of artist, the aesthetic value of the work of art and artist are decided in an `artistic field which included artists, critics, curators, the owners of galleries and publishing houses, the buyers and dealers of the work of art from the happenings of nineteenth century to today. Any sociological research ignored artistic field could not develop adequate approach in understanding of arts. Besides these, the concept of art, and the work of art themselves belong to a specific historical age and society. For this reason, they are also must subject to sociological study.
The works of art are social artifacts; they reflect in their forms and contents the culture, religion, morality, the view of nature and society, in which they are produced. They also contain of concerns and interests of economic and political structures. There is no creative, individual genius artist outside and above his/her society. In contrary, the artist like other social actors borns and lives in a society and make use of the features his/her society. Moreover, there are other social actors in the process of the production of works of art; those confront, assess them and pleasure from them. For this reason, aesthetic judgements and decisions can not apart from the culture, history, believes, economic-political interests of society. `The beautiful is only beautiful in terms of a specific historical era, a specific society or social group. The work of artist, the aesthetic value of the work of art and artist are decided in an `artistic field which included artists, critics, curators, the owners of galleries and publishing houses, the buyers and dealers of the work of art from the happenings of nineteenth century to today. Any sociological research ignored artistic field could not develop adequate approach in understanding of arts. Besides these, the concept of art, and the work of art themselves belong to a specific historical age and society. For this reason, they are also must subject to sociological study.
Description
Keywords
Sanat, Sanat eseri, Estetik, Sanatçı, Sanat alanı, Toplum, Art, Art work, Aesthetic, Artist, Artistic field, Society
Citation
Ülker, Ö. (2010). Sanat sosyolojisine giriş: Kavramlar, yaklaşımlar ve temel ayırımlar. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.